What Paves the Way to Conventional Language? The Predictive Value of Babble,Pointing, and Socioeconomic Status          下载免费PDF全文

Michelle McGillion  Jane S. Herbert  Julian Pine  Marilyn Vihman  Rory dePaolis  Tamar Keren‐Portnoy  Danielle Matthews 《Child development》2017,88(1):156-166

A child's first words mark the emergence of a uniquely human ability. Theories of the developmental steps that pave the way for word production have proposed that either vocal or gestural precursors are key. These accounts were tested by assessing the developmental synchrony in the onset of babbling, pointing, and word production for 46 infants observed monthly between the ages of 9 and 18 months. Babbling and pointing did not develop in tight synchrony and babble onset alone predicted first words. Pointing and maternal education emerged as predictors of lexical knowledge only in relation to a measure taken at 18 months. This suggests a far more important role for early phonological development in the creation of the lexicon than previously thought.  相似文献   

教你洗脸     

Tamar Nordenberg　Alice 《海外英语》2003,(12):16-17

Beauty consultants might recommend a facial treatment trifecta(三连胜式)-cleanse,tone andmoisturize-but dermatologists(皮肤学者)saythat comfortable-for-you cleansing is key, and moisturizing may help some skin types.First and Foremost: The Cleanser Itself Use a gentle, water-soluble cleanser to avoid  相似文献   

Still waters run deep     

Naama Sabar  Tamar Levin 《科学教学研究杂志》1989,26(8):727-735

This study aims to compare girls' performance with that of their boy peers, in a special program called a “research class.” Eighteen eleventh-grade students who excelled in math and science volunteered for a special research class in biology. The program consisted of three supplemental hours of biology per week at school, plus one full day per week at a research institute. At the institute the students were required to conduct individual research projects under the guidance of a scientist as well as the supervision of their biology teacher. The data about the participating students was collected through qualitative methods. Nonparticipant observations were conducted, primarily in the classroom and less frequently at the research institute, over a long period of time. These observations yielded information regarding each gender's quality of work. Following these observations, all of the participating adults and students were interviewed, and questionnaires were completed by the students. The main findings of the study indicated that the boys were significantly more active in classroom discussions than were the girls. This observation was reconfirmed by an analysis of verbal interventions in classroom discussions. However, in both the teacher's evaluation and the students' self-evaluation of their achievements, the girls' ratings were at least as high as the boys, with an average of 9 on a scale of 10. Moreover, the scientists indicated in their evaluations that the girls exhibited ability, intellectual curiosity, and a sense of responsibility, and were definately as able as were the boys. In other words, the vociferous monopoly of the boys during classroom discussion turns out to be relatively insignificant when examining the more covert qualities of the participating male and female students.  相似文献   

Contribution to the Collective by Religious‐Zionist Adolescent Girls     

Tamar Rapoport  Anat Penso  Yoni Garb 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1994,15(3):375-388

The act of contribution to the collective raises a major dilemma in contemporary religious Zionism in regard to girls and women: how to maintain their traditional restriction to the domestic sphere while allowing participation in national tasks that demand their presence in the male‐dominated public sphere. From in‐depth interviews conducted with 37 seventeen‐year‐old religious girls studying in a unisex residential boarding high school, we uncover the manner in which these girls, as they proceed to young adulthood, experience the act of contribution in three social arenas: the Bnei Akiva youth movement, national service and the domestic sphere. Our analysis reveals a gradual recruitment to contribution during the passage from girlhood to womanhood, paralleled by the gradual intensification of feminine’ qualities. This process facilitates the girls’ participation in the public sphere without challenging the traditional gender dichotomy. It also constitutes a central practice by means of which religious‐Zionist society recruits the girls to the Israeli collective yet keeps them within its own socio‐cultural boundaries.  相似文献   

A Review of “The Women Who Reconstructed American Jewish Education 1910–1965“     

Tamar Wasoian 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(3):346-348

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R&D intensity, value appropriation and integration patterns within organizational boundaries     

Niron Hashai  Tamar Almor   《Research Policy》2008,37(6-7):1022-1034

Complementary insights from Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm are combined to predict the relationship between firm specific technological knowledge and patterns of integration within organizational boundaries. The findings show that the level of Research and Development (R&D) intensity (representing the creation of firm specific technological knowledge) has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the propensity of firms to integrate activities within organizational boundaries. At low levels of R&D intensity, firms’ propensity to integrate their activities is low, but increases with escalating levels of R&D intensity in order to avoid the misappropriation of value generated by technological knowledge. However, beyond a certain R&D intensity level, the propensity to integrate activities declines, since the level of technological knowledge is high enough to prevent imitation by third parties. As expected we further find that firms which follow this integration pattern outperform those which do not. As the level of R&D intensity increases, the integration of production and marketing activities enables firms to improve performance until a certain R&D intensity threshold, after which such integration negatively affects performance.  相似文献   

Coparticipando en el conocimiento: la ampliación de la inteligencia humana con las tecnologías inteligentes     

Gavriel Salomon  David N. Perkins  Tamar Globerson 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(13):6-22

Utilizar un ordenador supone una simbiosis de nuestra inteligencia con una herramienta externa sin la cual la mente contaría sólo con sus propios medios y no funcionaría igual.

Por otra parte, algunos de los procedimientos de uso del ordenador pasan de hecho a interiorizarse, a incorporarse autónomamente a la mente.

Este artículo, que permite analizar ambos hechos, nos ayuda a tener claro el papel del ordenador en el aprendizaje y funcionamiento cognitivo  相似文献   

Context matters: increasing understanding with interactive Clicker Case studies     

Mary A. Lundeberg  Hosun Kang  Bj?rn Wolter  Robert delMas  Norris Armstrong  Bruno Borsari  Nancy Boury  Peggy Brickman  Kristi Hannam  Cheryl Heinz  Thomas Horvath  Maureen Knabb  Terry Platt  Nancy Rice  Bill Rogers  Joan Sharp  Eric Ribbens  Kimberly S. Maier  Mike Deschryver  Rodney Hagley  Tamar Goulet  Clyde F. Herreid 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(5):645-671

Although interactive technology is presumed to increase student understanding in large classes, no previous research studies have empirically explored the effects of Clicker Cases on students?? performance. A Clicker Case is a story (e.g., a problem someone is facing) that uses clickers (student response systems) to engage students in understanding the meaning of the science contained within the story. Using an experimental randomized Solomon design across 11 institutions, we found that Clicker Cases increased student understanding more than PowerPoint lectures in large introductory biology classrooms, although there was variation across institutions and topics. By examining student performance in conjunction with faculty experience, we found that strong Clicker Cases created dissonance, captured attention and involved students in interpreting data or making decisions. This study provides a model for collaborative research across multiple institutions and demonstrates the need for using multiple institutions and topics in research on education.  相似文献   

Post-trauma: healthcare practitioners use social media during times of political tension     

Ariela Popper-Giveon  Tamar Israeli  Yael Keshet 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2019,36(2):184-199

The approach of context collapse and the notion of unintentional context collisions are of importance to scholars of social media. Israeli public hospitals are a particularly suitable venue for studying these topics, as they employ both Jewish and Arab practitioners, who care for both Jewish and Arab patients amid an ongoing violent conflict. In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 managers and healthcare practitioners (physicians and nurses), both Jewish and Arab, employed at 11 public hospitals in Israel. We found that despite hospitals managements’ instructions to avoid political discourse, it erupts nonetheless whenever the conflict escalates. Fearing damage to professional relations and care of patients, political discourse spills over into social media, where political opinions are expressed mostly by Arab practitioners and stereotypical attitudes against Arabs are expressed mostly by Jewish ones. Our study exemplifies the usefulness of the context collapse approach—and specifically unintentional context collisions—to work organizations and all the more so to healthcare organizations.  相似文献   

The role of the state in regulatory policy for nanomaterials risk: Analyzing the expansion of state-centric rulemaking in EU and US chemicals policies     

Ronit Justo-Hanani  Tamar Dayan 《Research Policy》2014

This paper explores the growing power of states in transnational regulatory policies for nanotechnology risks and thereby their impact on research and technology trajectories. Decentralization of governance structure has been reported by scholars, yet the role of the state is evolving and still underexplored. We draw on a case study of nanomaterials and chemicals policies, by analyzing recent regulatory developments in the EU and US. Using data-reporting and market-entry regulations as examples, the evidence demonstrates the expansion of state-centric market-oversight rulemaking, and ‘stronger’ patterns of centralization in the EU. We argue for a significant increase in regulatory power exertion, countering predominant views on decentralization as the prevailing governance response. These findings suggest the adaptation and strengthening of state-based regulatory systems in the context of scientific uncertainty and complexity of global nanotechnology settings; despite these challenges for policy making, the EU and the US are increasing government role in technology regulatory policy.  相似文献