Journalism as institution and work in Europe,circa 1860     

Henrik Örnebring 《Media History》2013,19(4):393-407

This article presents a comparative historical analysis of the relationship between journalism as institution (i.e., a particular set of organizations in society) and journalism as work (i.e., an activity practiced by individuals) in four European countries: Britain, Sweden, Germany, and Estonia. The analysis compares the institutional context of journalistic work in these four countries around 1860, focusing in particular on the organization of journalistic labor at the national newspaper of record. The historical comparison reveals how exceptional the British case is. The study finds that British journalism circa 1860 exhibited a high division of labor, high labor specialization, and was increasingly focused on news gathering and production. Swedish and German journalism exhibited an emerging division of labor and labor specialization, and was focused on political debate (rather than news gathering and production). Estonian journalism exhibited hardly any division of labor or labor specialization, and was focused on raising national awareness.  相似文献   

疫情背景下北京冬奥会国际传播战略与实践策略刍议     

张昆  蒲蕤 《武汉体育学院学报》2022,56(1):5-12

新冠疫情增加了逆全球化趋势,疫情防控与中国国家形象塑造成为当前中国政府和社会各界关注的重要议题。2022年北京冬奥会作为后疫情时代中国最大的主场外交活动之一,是提升我国体育国际话语权、改善国家形象的重要机遇。基于此,结合当前全球疫情背景,从国际关系、国际舆论、国内发展状况等角度综合分析了北京冬奥会国际传播面临的机遇与挑战,并从国际传播战略和国际传播实践策略两个层面出发,提出战略规划和策略实施的具体路径,以期提高体育国际传播效果,增强中国体育国际话语权,构建国际传播新格局。  相似文献   

The learner experience of Curriculum 2000: implications for the reform of 14–19 education in England     

Ann Hodgson  Ken Spours 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(1):101-118

In September 2000, new qualifications for 16–19 year olds, known as Curriculum 2000, were introduced in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland with the aim of broadening the advanced level curriculum. It was left to schools, colleges, and their learners, however, to decide how these new qualifications would be used to build learner programmes of study. In this voluntarist context, the views and actions of learners have been an important factor in determining the course of the reforms. This article, which is based primarily on a study of 42 learners in a school/college consortium in the south west of England, provides a chronological account of learner experiences of these reforms during their first 2 years of implementation. The consortium discussed here offered a high‐volume study programme similar in size and content to those being proposed by the Tomlinson Working Group on 14–19 curriculum and qualifications reform in England. Learners found their expanded programmes onerous, due in part to the nature of the new qualifications and in part to the context of their implementation. The article concludes by identifying a number of policy lessons for 14–19 reform arising from this research.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Croatian solid-organ transplant recipients     

Anna Mrzljak   eljka Jurekovi&#x;  Jadranka Pavi i&#x;-&#x;ari&#x;  Vladimir Stevanovi&#x;  Irena Tabain   eljka Hru&#x;kar  Danko Mikuli&#x;  Ljubo Barbi&#x;  Tatjana Vilibi&#x;-avlek 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2021,31(3)

IntroductionThe data on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) in Croatia is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Croatian SOTRs.Materials and methodsFrom 7 September to 27 November 2020 (beginning of the second COVID-19 pandemic wave), a cross-sectional screening for COVID-19 was performed in the adult outpatient liver (LTRs; N = 280) and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs; N = 232). Serum samples were initially tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Vircell Microbiologists, Granada, Spain). All positive samples were confirmed using a virus neutralization test (VNT). Data on risk exposure and COVID-19 related symptoms were collected using a questionnaire.ResultsThe transplanted cohort’s seroprevalence detected by ELISA and VNT was 20.1% and 3.1%, respectively. Neutralizing (NT) antibodies developed in 15.6% of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG positive SOTRs. The difference in seropositivity rates between LTRs and KTRs was not statistically significant (ELISA 21.1% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.554; VNT 3.6% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.082). Overall VNT positivity rates were higher in patients who reported participation in large community events (5.9% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.027) as well as in patients who reported COVID-19 related symptoms in the past six months. In addition, symptomatic VNT positive patients showed significantly higher (P = 0.031) NT antibody titers (median 128, interquartile range (IQR) = 32-128) compared to asymptomatic patients (median 16, IQR = 16-48).ConclusionsThis study showed that 15.6% of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA positive Croatian SOTRs developed NT antibodies indicating protective immunity. Further studies are needed to determine the dynamic of NT antibodies and COVID-19 immunity duration in immunocompromised populations such as LTRs and KTRs.  相似文献   

新冠疫情背景下 我国民族传统体育的价值呈现与发展契机          下载免费PDF全文

侯胜川 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(6):17-21

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,以新冠疫情期间太极拳、八段锦等民族传统体育对医患双方的身体康健和精神免疫为切入点,阐释民族传统体育在“国之大事”之际的“为民情怀”,及其表现出的至高的生命尊重。在此基础上,对民族传统体育的科学价值、人文精神、现代化发展进行反思。提出,民族传统体育学科建设,应利用好发展契机,积极承担和主导学术话语的建构;充分发挥中国文化的载体作用,以“世界性”的抱负,承担传递人类命运共同体思想的战略使命;扎根民间,立足中国,坚持中西结合、人文与科学结合。  相似文献   

危机与应对:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的中国体育叙事     

孙科  郇昌店  任慧涛  闫士展  纪成龙  张震  王永顺 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(5):1-15,46

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称"疫情")下的体育叙事,不仅要阐发疫情期间体育事件及其社会意义,更应揭示不同体育要素在社会发展中的功能与作用,将对体育现实问题的思考转化为未来体育转型的应对策略。基于叙事的角度,以访谈的方式,探讨体育产业发展、东京奥运会延期、体育组织治理、奥运备战、居家体育、体育在线教学、体育中考等热点事件和话题。认为:①疫情对体育产业的影响呈现持续性、结构性、社会性等特征,在"转危为机"的话语下,应借助政府的积极行为,实现体育行业与体育产业的多层次融合,增强对消费端的刺激,提高体育企业的抗风险能力,最大程度地释放后疫情时代体育产业发展动力;②东京奥运会延期举办凸显国际奥委会内部治理的困境与危机,引发对中国体育赛事治理效能的思考,给奥运备战带来挑战,促使运动训练由传统化模式向集群化工业模式转变;③空间重叠与权力空间渗透造就居家体育的特殊"脱域"空间,成为"家庭-学校-社区"体育互动发展的催化剂,引发体育教学、社区体育、群众体育活动方式的改变,形成自觉行为更高的群众体育"在地化"驱动模式;④在疫情防控期间,体育话语在不同语境中的表达、转型与辩驳为体育话语转为文化资源提供契机,促进文化与体育的互动与整合,深刻影响人们的体育观念。  相似文献   

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间在线健身服务用户持续使用意愿的影响因素研究     

刘东锋  傅钢强 《体育学研究》2020,(2):41-50

新冠肺炎疫情期间,在线健身服务作为“智慧抗疫”的重要组成部分受到了业界和学界的广泛关注。为了进一步探究在线健身服务持续使用意愿的影响因素,该文对技术接受模型(TAM)和任务—技术匹配模型(TTF)进行了整合,通过网络调查和数理统计等研究方法对用户持续使用在线健身服务的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:(1)影响用户持续使用意愿的内外部因素主要包括感知有用性、感知易用性、感知趣味性、任务特征、技术特征和任务—技术匹配度6项;(2)感知有用性、感知易用性、感知趣味性以及任务—技术匹配度对用户持续使用意愿均有显著正向影响;(3)任务特征和技术特征显著正向影响任务—技术匹配度,感知易用性则显著正向影响感知有用性,而感知易用性则不显著正向影响感知趣味性。基于以上分析提出了增加用户持续使用意愿的相关建议。  相似文献   

困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响     

钟秉枢  黄志剑  王凯  车冰清  宋昱  刘旭东  张晴  钞蕤 《体育学研究》2020,(2):9-33,40

2019-2020年之交,我国暴发新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(下文简称“新冠肺炎疫情”)。新冠肺炎疫情给国家各项事业的正常运行带来了严峻挑战,为打赢这场新冠肺炎疫情攻坚战,全国科技工作者纷纷从各自不同的领域为疫情防控贡献着自己的力量。体育事业作为国民事业的重要组成部分,如何积极应对新冠肺炎疫情给各项体育事业带来的冲击,深刻思考新冠肺炎疫情背景下各项体育事业的发展路径,是体育事业健康发展的必然诉求,也是体育科技工作的应然使命。学者当以天下苍生为己任,为国家出谋,为社会担当,为人民谋福。体育学术期刊亦须做好学术担当,肩负起应有的使命与责任,传播体育科技工作者针对此次疫情所开展的社会服务和智慧贡献,探究体育事业逆疫发展之道。为此,《体育学研究》编辑部从开展征稿活动的50余篇来稿中,聚焦群众体育、竞技体育和体育产业等领域,对钟秉枢、黄志剑、王凯、车冰清、宋昱等体育专家及青年学者的观点和思考进行集成,形成了《困境与应对:聚焦新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对体育事业的影响》一文。以期为疫情的科学防控和推动体育事业健康发展提供理论和实践参考。  相似文献   

The effectiveness of a 17-week lifestyle intervention on health behaviors among airline pilots during COVID-19     

Daniel Wilson  Matthew Driller  Ben Johnston  Nicholas Gill 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):333-340

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 17-week, 3-component lifestyle intervention for enhancing health behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsA parallel-group (intervention and control) study was conducted amongst 79 airline pilots over a 17-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention group (n = 38) received a personalized sleep, dietary, and physical activity (PA) program. The control group (n = 41) received no intervention. Outcome measures for sleep, fruit and vegetable intake, PA, and subjective health were measured though an online survey before and after the 17-week period. The changes in outcome measures were used to determine the efficacy of the intervention.ResultsSignificant main effects for time × group were found for International Physical Activity Questionnaire-walk (p = 0.02) and for all other outcome measures (p < 0.01). The intervention group significantly improved in sleep duration (p < 0.01; d = 1.35), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (p < 0.01; d = 1.14), moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.01; d = 1.44), fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.01; d = 2.09), Short Form 12v2 physical score (p < 0.01; d = 1.52), and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01; d = 2.09). The control group showed significant negative change for sleep duration, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01).ConclusionResults provide preliminary evidence that a 3-component healthy sleep, eating, and PA intervention elicit improvements in health behaviors and perceived subjective health in pilots and may improve quality of life during an unprecedented global pandemic.  相似文献   

基于事理图谱的新冠肺炎疫情网络舆情演化路径分析     

田依林  李星 《情报理论与实践》2021,44(3):76-83

[目的/意义]提取突发事件网络舆情中事件的因果和顺承关系,构建事理图谱揭示事理发展脉络和演化规律。[方法/过程]以微博相关评论为研究对象,分别通过因果关系标识、事件影响因子和时间因子等维度识别事件间的关系,提取因果和顺承事件对;采用层次聚类将相似度较高的事件泛化为一类,构建新冠肺炎网络舆情事理图谱,并对生成的舆情演化路径进行分析。[结果/结论]研究表明,因果关系演化路径具有事件少、演化路径短等规律性特点,且同时包含顺承关系事件和伪结果事件;顺承关系演化路径具有事件数量多、演化路径较长、交叠变化等规律性特点,且能够揭示舆情演化的关键节点。通过构建事理图谱可以快速区分突发事件舆情的噪音和关键信息,充分体现其在监测、预测和管理中的价值性。  相似文献