20世纪二三十年代中国科学家群体研究     

钟学敏  段治文 《成都师专学报》2006,25(3):44-46

20世纪二三十年代是中国近代以来科学发展的一个重要时期,也是近代科学发展最快的时期.这一时期的中国第一次形成了颇具规模的科学家群体.本文对该时期科学家群体的一些基本问题——年龄结构、学科分布、区域分布以及留学经历、精神特质等--进行了分析,并揭示它在多个层面上的现代意义.  相似文献   

Activity features of high school students’ science learning in an open-inquiry-based internship programme     

Pei-Ling Hsu  Laura Venegas 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(12):1391-1409

Science internships where students work with scientists have been suggested to have many positive impacts on students’ science learning. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the types of interactions that are beneficial for the development of science knowledge through an authentic internship experience. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the key features of dynamic interactions and activities involved in an open-inquiry-based internship programme for high school students. Drawing on cultural-historical activity theory, we aimed to describe the features of the internship activity system in terms of the moments of subject, object, tools, community, rules, division of labour, and outcome. Our analysis suggests that the activity system of the university internship has unique features that promote optimal science learning opportunities. The implications of these unique features are discussed and suggestions are made to improve K–12 science education.  相似文献   

The scientist as Cracker-Barrel Philosopher: Implications for the concept of scientific literacy     

David F. Jackson 《Interchange》1993,24(1-2):53-71

This study aims to identify an internally consistent and readily teachable philosophical approach to the nature and practice of science. The primary sources are anecdotal material and oral reflections prepared for the popular media by and about an eminent contemporary scientist, the late physicist Richard Feynman. Examples of real people working on technological problems can provide a useful foil to the customary study of great men in the history of science, yet both of these approaches can have serious drawbacks. Feynman's anecdotal reflections provide an excellent middle ground case study: a pure scientist, yet with a personal background anchored in practical problems, who combines the traditional credentials of authority with an endearing humanity. There are striking similarities between the account of the nature of science, technology, and good teaching implied by Feynman's musings and that expressed more abstractly in the recent American Association for the Advancement of Science report,Science for All Americans.  相似文献   

论科学家的社会责任是科学的内在因素     

李炳昌 《哈尔滨学院学报》2008,29(3):10-16

文章从科学的含义“科学是一种社会活动”出发,作“科学家社会责任”是科学的内含因子的立论,再从追求真理、科学的社会运行、科学研究活动的特点以及科学研究手段等四个方面来剖析“社会责任”如何是科学的内在因素。  相似文献   

主流科学家应对转基因农产品质疑的知识与责任     

刘科 《未来与发展》2016,(6):27-31

转基因农产品的开发、推广和应用涉及到食品安全和生态安全,与人们的生存和发展休戚相关,早已成为社会关注的焦点话题。事实上,“反转”与“挺转”的论争是激烈的、长期的。尽管各种非科学因素不断渗入到转基因农产品的安全评价过程,但它终究是一个科学问题,需要科学评判和理性分析。在公共舆论针对转基因农产品产生各种质疑和传言时,我们迫切需要来自主流科学界的权威声音以正视听。科学家具有专门的知识和技术手段,有责任和能力去辨析、验证转基因农产品安全问题的实质。通过分析主流科学家对转基因农产品的认知与评价,可以帮助我们深入理解转基因问题争论的实质,客观地认识转基因技术及其产品,为其健全发展营造适宜的社会空间。  相似文献   

中国青年女科学家奖统计分析     

唐祯 《未来与发展》2016,(9):52-57

随着女科技工作者队伍不断壮大,越来越多的女性科技工作者在推动科技发展和社会进步方面发挥了重要的作用。中国青年女科学家奖是中国科学技术协会仅保留的8个奖项之一,本文主要介绍了中国青年女科学家奖的概况,统计了2004—2015年中国青年女科学家奖88名获得者的年龄、地域等基本信息,并对获奖者后续调查情况进行了归纳总结。  相似文献   

论科技人员在环境保护中的双重作用     

钱箭星 《科学．经济．社会》2006,24(4):46-49,53

科技人员在世界环境保护运动中发挥着重要的积极作用,但由于技术选择标准、制度设计等社会因素的制约,以及在知识结构、利益偏好和道德方面的缺陷,他们可能在环境保护方面出现失灵。作为一个特殊群体的科技人员,如何加强社会责任心,克服自身缺陷和发挥自己的专业优势,这是确保社会经济向着有利于环境保护的方向发展的重要环节。  相似文献   

图书馆学史研究与学术传承   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王余光 《山东图书馆季刊》2009,(2):1-3

图书馆学史研究对于学术发展和学者自身修养有着重要意义,而目前对于民国时期图书馆学史研究尚嫌不足。本文论述了学术史研究的具体内容;列出了40位20世纪重要图书馆学家,并作一简要分析。  相似文献   

Self-citations as strategic response to the use of metrics for career decisions     

Marco Seeber  Mattia Cattaneo  Michele Meoli  Paolo Malighetti 《Research Policy》2019,48(2):478-491

There is limited knowledge on the extent to which scientists may strategically respond to metrics by adopting questionable practices, namely practices that challenge the scientific ethos, and the individual and contextual factors that affect their likelihood. This article aims to fill these gaps by studying the opportunistic use of self-citations, i.e. citations of one’s own work to boost metric scores. Based on sociological and economic literature exploring the factors driving scientists’ behaviour, we develop hypotheses on the predictors of strategic increase in self-citations. We test the hypotheses in the Italian Higher Education system, where promotion to professorial positions is regulated by a national habilitation procedure that considers the number of publications and citations received. The sample includes 886 scientists from four of science’s main disciplinary sectors, employs different metrics approaches, and covers an observation period beginning in 2002 and ending in 2014. We find that the introduction of a regulation that links the possibility of career advancement to the number of citations received is related to a strong and significant increase in self-citations among scientists who can benefit the most from increasing citations, namely assistant professors, associate professors and relatively less cited scientists, and in particular among social scientists. Our findings suggest that while metrics are introduced to spur virtuous behaviours, when not properly designed they favour the usage of questionable practices.  相似文献   

Factors influencing research collaborations in Kenyan universities     

Petronilla Muriithi  David Horner  Lyn Pemberton  Hesborn Wao 《Research Policy》2018,47(1):88-97

This paper presents the results of an exploration of factors influencing the organisation and conduct of academic research collaborations in Kenya. A mixed methods research design, involving 248 academics in four disciplines across four major public Kenyan universities, was employed. The study reveals a relatively high level of collaborative research which varies by disciplinary areas. Resource dependence emerged as having a strong influence on decisions to collaborate for this community. This was mainly attributed to low levels of investment in funding research, at both the institutional and national level. At the institutional level, inadequate policies, high levels of bureaucracy, competition among local institutions, weak links with industry, and a major focus on teaching as opposed to research, were reported as barriers to collaborative research. These contextual issues informed the resulting discussion of factors that affect collaborative research in Kenya.  相似文献