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31.
旨在通过比较跑台上和平地上不同速度跑时人体运动的运动学和表面肌电参数的异同,为使跑台更好地应用于健身、训练和康复理疗等方面提供参考和建议。采集并比较了12名男生以三种不同速度跑时的运动学和肌电数据。结果发现与地面上跑相比,在跑台上跑步时步频增加、步长变短、步态周期缩短、腾空时间变长。在跑台上跑时,环节角度和肌电信号随速度增加而变化的趋势与在地面跑不同。在跑台上慢跑时躯干的起伏程度比地面上大,而常速和快速跑时,躯干较地面跑时直立,起伏程度也较小。建议在以后的研究中如果要在跑台上进行运动学、表面肌电测试时,其所得结果应用于平地运动时应慎重。 相似文献
32.
目的:探究自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员在不同支撑模式下静态站立平衡任务中大脑对下肢肌肉的控制机制。方法:以17名国家自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员为测试对象,分别采集运动员在软、硬支撑平面上单腿静态站立平衡过程的脑电、下肢股内侧肌(vastus medialis,VM)、腓肠肌外侧头(gastrocnemius lateralis,GL)、胫骨前肌(tibialis anterior,TA)的肌电信号,同时记录受试者站立平衡过程中身体压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的变化。要求受试者分别进行30 s睁眼的左、右单腿站立平衡。对其站立平衡过程中COP、下肢肌肉的肌电信号、脑电(β波段和γ波段)与肌电信号之间的相干(corticomuscular coherence,CMC)进行分析。结果:1)受试者在睁眼单腿站立平衡过程中,在软支撑面上站立平衡时,COP位移在X轴和Y轴方向的变异程度均显著高于硬支撑面(P<0.001);2)受试者在软支撑面站立平衡时,下肢3块肌肉肌电幅值显著增加(P<0.05);3)对于CMC来说,在软支撑面上维持站立平衡时,β波对应的GL的CMC显著高于硬支撑条件(P<0.05),γ波段CMC显著高于β波段CMC(P<0.01)。结论:自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员能在难度较大的软支撑面上完成站立平衡任务,但与硬支撑面上站立平衡相比,其身体稳定性差;为了补偿在高难度平衡控制中的平衡能力,大脑中枢加强了对下肢肌肉的神经冲动,大脑感觉运动皮质区加强了对下肢腓肠肌和胫骨前肌的神经调控;在平衡控制过程中γ波段CMC与β波段CMC表现出不同的支配特征,这可能与不同支撑模式下平衡控制过程中本体感觉输入、下肢肌肉的工作性质以及注意力有关。 相似文献
33.
Abstract There have been considerable changes in equipment design and movement patterns in the past few years both in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. These developments have been matched by methods of analysing movements in field conditions. They have yielded new insights into the skills of these specific winter sports. Analytical techniques have included electromyography, kinetic and kinematic methods and computer simulations. Our aim here is to review biomechanical research in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. We present in detail the techniques currently used in alpine skiing (carving technique) and ski-jumping (V-technique), primarily using data from the authors’ own research. Finally, we present a summary of the most important results in biomechanical research both in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. This includes an analysis of specific conditions in alpine skiing (type of turn, terrain, snow, speed, etc.) and the effects of equipment, materials and individual-specific abilities on performance, safety and joint loading in ski-jumping. 相似文献
34.
Milan Sedliak Taija Finni Jussi Peltonen Keijo Häkkinen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1005-1014
Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on maximum strength and electromyography (EMG) of the knee extensors in men. After a 10-week preparatory training period (training times 17:00–19:00 h), 27 participants were randomized into a morning (07:00–09:00 h, n = 14) and an evening group (17:00–19.00 h, n = 13). Both groups then underwent 10 weeks of time-of-day-specific training. A matched control group (n = 7) completed all testing but did not train. Unilateral isometric knee extension peak torque (MVC) and one-repetition maximum half-squat were assessed before and after the preparatory training and after the time-of-day-specific training at times that were not training-specific (between 09:00 and 16:00 h). During training-specific hours, peak torque and EMG during MVC and submaximum isometric contraction at 40% MVC were assessed before and after the time-of-day-specific training. The main finding was that a significant diurnal difference (P < 0.01) in peak torque between the 07:00 and 17:00 h tests decreased after time-of-day-specific training in the morning group but not in the evening or control groups. However, the extent of this time-of-day-specific adaptation varied between individuals. Electromyography during MVC did not show any time-of-day-specific adaptation, suggesting that peripheral rather than neural adaptations are the main source of temporal specificity in strength training. 相似文献
35.
In this study, we examined the effect of string vibration damping devices on reducing racket frame vibration transfer to the forearm. Twenty participants volunteered to hold a tennis racket stationary in a forehand and backhand stroking position while tennis balls were fired at 20 m?·?s?1 towards two impact locations, the node of vibration and the dead spot. A three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures on damping condition, impact location and stroke condition was performed on the data. The resonant frequency of the hand-held racket was found to be ～120 Hz. No significant differences in amplitude of vibration at the resonant frequency were found for the wrist or the elbow when damped and non-damped impacts were compared. Impacts at the dead spot produced greater amplitudes of vibration (P <?0.01) but no interaction between impact location and string dampers was evident. The string dampers had no effect on the grip force used or the muscle electrical activity in the forearm after impact. In conclusion, we found that string dampers do not reduce the amount of racket frame vibration received at the forearm. We suggest that string dampers remain a popular accessory among tennis players because of their acoustic effects and psychological support rather than any mechanical advantage. 相似文献
36.
Erdal Binboğa Serdar Tok Fatih Catikkas Senol Guven Senol Dane 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):982-988
Abstract We investigated the effect of verbal encouragement on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) level of the triceps surae muscle group. Our secondary focus was to examine whether the effect of verbal encouragement on MVC level varies as a result of conscientiousness. While the participants performed plantar flexion, MVCs of the triceps surae muscle group were measured using rectified and smoothed surface electromyography (rsEMG) during the absence and presence of verbal encouragement. Participants completed questions from the Five Factor Personality Inventory concerning conscientiousness and were divided into high- and low-conscientiousness groups according to a median split. The sample included 30 female and 53 male elite athletes. In the entire cohort, there was no significant difference in MVCs with and without verbal encouragement. When the sample was partitioned by conscientiousness scores, verbal encouragement led to a significant increase in MVC in the low-conscientiousness group, whereas verbal encouragement led to a non-significant decrease in MVC in the high-conscientiousness group. Percentage change in MVC across experimental conditions was significantly different between the groups, with a 9.72% increase during verbal encouragement of the low-conscientiousness group, and a 2.47% decrease during verbal encouragement of the high-conscientiousness group. 相似文献
37.
Richard Engelhorn 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):315-323
Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the modifications in the control of the biceps brachii (agonist) and triceps brachii (antagonist) muscles during the learning of two elbow flexion tasks in sixteen college-age women. A positioning and a coincidence task were each performed at 40° and 200° per second angular velocity while bipolar surface electrodes recorded the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles involved. Data on the EMG activity, angular kinematics, and timing and angular displacement error were quantified and subjected to statistical analyses. The results of the error analyses indicated that subjects did learn the various tasks over the 120 trials. Because there were no significant changes in the angular velocity patterns over trials, the EMG activity modifications are suggested to reflect differences in the control of the muscles monitored during the movements. In addition, EMG activity pattern modifications which occurred in discrete portions of the movements in both muscles indicate an increased cocontraction of the opposing muscles as subjects learned the tasks. Temporal periods in which modifications were observed appear to represent the critical periods in each movement task. 相似文献
38.
Fabio Esposito Emiliano Cè Susanna Rampichini Arsenio Veicsteinas 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1347-1357
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of acute passive stretching on the electrical and mechanical response of a previously fatigued muscle. Eleven participants underwent maximal tetanic stimulations (50 Hz) of the medial gastrocnemius, before and after a fatiguing protocol and after a bout of passive stretching of the fatigued muscle. During contraction, surface electromyography (EMG), mechanomyography (MMG), and force were recorded. The following parameters were calculated: (1) the EMG root mean square (RMS), mean frequency, and fibre conduction velocity; (2) MMG peak-to-peak and RMS; (3) the peak force, contraction time, half-relaxation time, peak rate of force development (dF/dt) and its acceleration (d2 F/dt 2). Fatigue reduced peak force by 18% (P < 0.05) and affected the other force, EMG, and MMG parameters. After stretching: (1) all EMG parameters recovered to pre-fatigue values; (2) MMG peak-to-peak remained depressed, while RMS recovered to pre-fatigue values; (3) the peak force, peak rate of force development and its acceleration were further reduced by 22, 18, and 51%, respectively, and half-relaxation time by 40% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute passive stretching, when applied to a previously fatigued muscle, further depresses the maximum force-generating capacity. Although stretching does not alter the electrical parameters of the fatigued muscle, it does affect the mechanical behaviour of the muscle–tendon unit. 相似文献
39.
Lara Antunes Ewertton de S. Bezerra Raphael L. Sakugawa 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(4)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cadence on volume load (VLoad) and muscle activity during agonist –antagonist paired sets (APS) in the lower body. Twelve trained men (24.0 ± 3.3 years; 78.3 ± 9.7 kg; 1.77 ± 0.58 m) volunteered to participate in this study. After the 10 maximum repetition test for leg extension and seated leg curl, participants performed three experimental protocols: first protocol (traditional)—three sets of only leg extension (60 bpm); second protocol (fast cadence)—three sets of leg extension, with each set preceded by one set on the seated leg curl with fast cadence (90 bpm); third protocol (slow cadence)—similar to the second, but seated leg curl with slow cadence (40 bpm). The total number of repetitions, VLoad and the electromyography activity for the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscles were recorded. The VLoad was higher during APS than the traditional method, but the cadence (fast or slow) of antagonist exercise did not influence VLoad. Muscle activity of vastus lateralis was higher during traditional protocol; on the other hand, rectus femoris showed higher activity on APS fast cadence protocol, indicating that APS has a different influence on quadriceps components. 相似文献
40.
目的:运用表面肌电技术了解疲劳状态下颈部肌肉的活动变化规律,为颈部肌肉疲劳提供理论依据。方法:16名无颈部疾病的健康青年男性志愿者,分别在屈、伸、左侧屈和右侧屈4个运动方向上完成60%最大随意收缩力(Maximal Voluntary Contraction,MVC)的等长收缩,直至力竭。评价指标包括平均肌电值(Averaged Electromyographic Signal,AEMG)、平均功率频率(MPF)、复杂度(Lempel-Ziv,C(n))以及确定性线段百分比(Determinism%,%DET)。结果:1)在60%MVC负荷下,AEMG随着负荷时间的延续逐渐增加,MPF及C(n)随负荷时间的延长逐渐减小,而呈逐渐增加的趋势。2)在疲劳实验中进行屈颈运动时,胸锁乳突肌的MPF下降斜率与其他方向及其他肌肉有显著性差异(P<0.05),C(n)和%DET上体现出较为明显的规律性。结论:各肌肉在对应运动方向上担任主动肌时容易产生疲劳,胸锁乳突肌尤为明显。而在疲劳性屈颈运动时主动肌胸锁乳突肌和拮抗肌头夹肌均较易产生疲劳,sEMG信号的周期化程度随疲劳积累而增加。 相似文献