我国校园足球可持续发展的若干问题研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄山 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(2):66-69

发展校园足球是推进我国校园体育活动的重要力量,亦是提升我国足球运动水平的必然选择。虽然在相关政策的支持下,我国校园足球发展迅速,但依然面临经费短缺、师资不足、发展不均衡、学训矛盾突出、体制机制不完善、社会认可度不高、医疗保障体系不健全等问题。指出,学校应密切联系俱乐部、企业,多渠道获取发展资源;从内部培养与外部引进两方面充实师资力量;坚持全面发展原则,妥善解决学训矛盾,提升学生综合素质;加强足球文化建设,营造良好氛围,提升足球参与者的荣誉感;强化校园足球风险防范意识,加强风险管理。旨在促进我国校园足球健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

The load-velocity profile differs more between men and women than between individuals with different strength levels     

Alejandro Torrejón  Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández  G. Gregory Haff 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(3):245-255

This study aimed to determine the suitability of the load-velocity relationship to prescribe the relative load (%1RM) in women, as well as to compare the load-velocity profile between sexes and participants with different strength levels. The load-velocity relationship of 14 men (1RM: 1.17 ± 0.19) and 14 women (1RM: 0.66 ± 0.13) were evaluated in the bench press exercise. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear (R² range: 0.987–0.993), (II) a steeper load-velocity profile was observed in men compared to women (Effect size [ES]: 1.09), with men showing higher velocities for light loads (ES: ? 0.81 and ? 0.40 for the y-intercept and 30%1RM, respectively), but women reporting higher velocities for the heavy loads (ES: 1.14 and 1.50 at 90%1RM and 100%1RM, respectively); and (III) while the slope of the load-velocity profile was moderately steeper for weak men compared to their strong counterpart (ES: 1.02), small differences were observed between strong and weak women (ES: ? 0.39). While these results support the use of the individual load-velocity relationship to prescribe the %1RM in the bench press exercise for women, they also highlight the large disparities in their load-velocity profile compared to men.  相似文献   

The application of inertial measurement units and functional principal component analysis to evaluate movement in the forward 3½ pike somersault springboard dive     

Cherie Walker  John Warmenhoven  Peter J. Sinclair 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(2):146-162

Based on technological and analytical advances, the capability to more accurately and finitely examine biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement has improved. The purpose of this study was to use Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) to examine the role of movement variability (assessed via angular velocity), on 2 divers (1 international level; 1 national) performing the forward 3½ pike somersault dive. Analysis of angular velocity curves during ive-flight identified 5 fPCs, accounting for 96.5% of movement variability. The national diver’s scatter plots and standard deviation of fPC scores illustrated larger magnitudes of angular velocity variability across dive flight. For fPC1 and fPC3, magnitudes of SD variability were 282.6 and 201.5, respectively. The international diver illustrated more consistent angular velocity profiles, with clustering of fPCs scores (e.g., fPC1 & 3 = SD’s of 75.2 & 68.0). To account for lower variability in the international diver, the ability to better coordinate movement sequences and functionally utilise feedback in response to initiation of the somersault position is highlighted. Overall, findings highlight how both IMUs and fPCA can more holistically and finitely examine the biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement sequences with the capability to inform athlete development.  相似文献   

不同抗阻训练方案对T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡的影响*     

王焱源 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(3):112-117

研究旨在探讨一次不同抗阻训练方案对外周血CD4＋和CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡的影响。通过实验法15名无训练经历的健康青年男性分别进行一次以促进肌肉肥大（H-RT组,方案：70%1RM,10RM,3组,组间间歇1.5 min）和以改善肌肉耐力（E-RT组,方案：60%1RM,15RM,3组,组间间歇1 min）为目的的抗阻训练方案。并于训练前、训练后即刻、训练后2 h和24 h利用流式细胞仪测定表面标志物CX3CR1和annexin V表达量检测CD4＋、CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡（用阳性表达率表示）。得出以下数据：（1）CD4＋T细胞在H-RT组运动后即刻和运动后24 h,annexin V和CX3CR1阳性表达率显著性升高（P<0.05）。E-RT组annexin V阳性表达率在运动后即刻降低（P<0.05）,24 h显著性升高（P<0.05）;CX3CR1阳性表达率仅在运动后即刻升高（P<0.05）。（2）CD8＋T细胞在H-RT组和E-RT组运动后即刻和运动后24 h,annexin V和CX3CR1阳性表达率均显著性升高（P<0.05）。通过对以上数据的分析,研究得出以下结论：CD4＋T淋巴细胞亚群对于急性抗阻训练的免疫反应存在运动方案依赖性。  相似文献   

高校田径队业余化训练可持续化发展研究     

姜〓鑫  姜立嘉 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(3):122-124

通过对全国大学生田径队业余化训练的现状,全国大学生竞标赛的参赛情况,高校田径队训练存在的问题总结出制约其可持续发展的因素,并提出对策和建议。采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法等对以上问题进行整理归纳。研究表明：高校田径运动普及推广得不够;全国高校田径锦标赛成绩在一定程度上出现下滑的态势;高校田径队业余化训练体制不健全;业余教练员没有系统化培训上岗。  相似文献   

2019-nCoV疫情期间封闭管训对省级运动项目中心冬训运动员心境影响的分析     

康江辉  黄志剑  刘洁  刘皓  刘靖东 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2019,2(2)

目的：通过对第一手资料的描述与分析,探究冬训期间,2019-nCoV(新型冠状病毒)疫情影响下的完全封闭式管理与训练对运动员心境变化的影响。方法：使用简式心境量表(POMS)对我国南方某省重竞技项目中心217名运动员在疫情爆发前后进行为期4周的心境监控。结果：不同性别运动员的TMD(Total Mood Disturbance )分数存在显著差异(p=0.000);不同运动项目(跆拳道、柔道、拳击、古典式摔跤和自由式摔跤)运动员的TMD分数存在显著差异(p=0.000);不同强度下运动员的分数存在显著差异(p=0.002)。封闭式管训之后,运动员的疲劳分数(p=0.000)和自尊分数(p=0.021)显著低于封闭管训之前,精力分数有下降的趋势。结论：训练强度对疲劳感影响显著,而重大公共疫情及相应的封闭式管训可能引起运动员自尊水平下降,进而导致其他消极情绪的上升。  相似文献   

Validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer across commonly practised resistance training exercises     

Harry F. Dorrell  Joseph M. Moore  Mark F. Smith  Thomas I. Gee 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):67-73

This study investigated the validity and reliability of the GymAware PowerTool (GPT). Thirteen resistance trained participants completed three visits, consisting of three repetitions of free-weight back squat, bench press, deadlift (80% one repetition maximum), and countermovement jump. Bar displacement, peak and mean velocity, peak and mean force, and jump height were calculated using the GPT, a three-dimensional motion capture system (Motion Analysis Corporation; 150 Hz), and a force plate (Kistler; 1500 Hz). Least products regression were used to compare agreeability between devices. A within-trial one-way ANOVA, typical error (TE; %), and smallest worthwhile change (SWC) were used to assess reliability. Regression analysis resulted in R² values of >0.85 for all variables excluding deadlift mean velocity (R² = 0.54–0.69). Significant differences were observed between visits 3-2 for bench press bar displacement (0.395 ± 0.055 m; 0.383 ± 0.053 m), and deadlift bar displacement (0.557 ± 0.034 m; 0.568 ± 0.034 m). No other significant differences were found. Low to moderate TE (0.6–8.8%) were found for all variables, with SWC ranging 1.7–7.4%. The data provides evidence that the GPT can be used to measure kinetic and kinematic outputs, however, care should be taken when monitoring deadlift performance.  相似文献   

Understanding the track and field sprint start through a functional analysis of the external force features which contribute to higher levels of block phase performance     

Neil Edward Bezodis  Sean Peter Walton  Ryu Nagahara 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(5):560-567

This study aimed to identify the continuous ground reaction force (GRF) features which contribute to higher levels of block phase performance. Twenty-three sprint-trained athletes completed starts from their preferred settings during which GRFs were recorded separately under each block. Continuous features of the magnitude and direction of the resultant GRF signals which explained 90% of the variation between the sprinters were identified. Each sprinter’s coefficient score for these continuous features was then input to a linear regression model to predict block phase performance (normalised external power). Four significant (p < 0.05) predictor features associated with GRF magnitude were identified; there were none associated with GRF direction. A feature associated with greater rear block GRF magnitudes from the onset of the push was the most important predictor (β = 1.185), followed by greater front block GRF magnitudes for the final three-quarters of the push (β = 0.791). Features which included a later rear block exit (β = 0.254) and greater front leg GRF magnitudes during the mid-push phase (β = 0.224) were also significant predictors. Sprint practitioners are encouraged, where possible, to consider the continuous magnitude of the GRFs produced throughout the block phase in addition to selected discrete values.  相似文献   

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters     

Thibaut Méline  Ludovic Mathieu  Fabio Borrani  Robin Candau 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(3):347-355

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.  相似文献   

The impact of physiological load on anticipation skills in badminton: From testing to training     

D. B. Alder  D. P. Broadbent  J. Stead  J. Poolton 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1816-1823

Research remains unclear on the impact of physiological load on perceptual-cognitive skills in sport. Moreover, no study has examined the training of perceptual-cognitive skills under physiological load. The current study comprised two phases. Firstly, we examined the impact of badminton-specific physiological load on anticipatory skills in expert badminton players (n = 13), including key underlying mechanisms, such as gaze behaviour. Under high physiological load, participants displayed less efficient visual search behaviour and showed a reduction in response accuracy. Secondly, we examined the effects of combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with the high physiological load. Ten of the expert badminton players were assigned to a combined training group, where the simulation training and the physiological load intervention occurred simultaneously or an independent training group, whereby the two components were completed independently. The combined training group showed a positive change in the efficiency of their visual search behaviours compared to the independent training group, but no significant performance improvements were found. Overall, findings demonstrate that high physiological load is detrimental to experts’ anticipatory skills. However, combining perceptual-cognitive simulation training with high physiological load can potentially negate these debilitating effects.  相似文献