不稳定结构鞋具的运动生物力学研究进展     

马加彬  李蜀东  顾耀东  李建设 《浙江体育科学》2012,34(4):125-128

不稳定结构鞋具的使用改变了人体运动系统的动力学、运动学和肌肉群的运动强度,使运动系统更加充分的调动。大量的生物力学实验已证实,不稳定结构的鞋具可以对人体下肢运动系统进行改变。本文较完善的总结了近期国内外研究文献对于不稳定鞋具的功能论证,探讨了各种不稳定结构设计的鞋具在加强肌肉力量训练、改善运动稳定和损失预防的不同效果。对于长期穿着稳定结构鞋具的人群,为其运动习惯的变化提供了一种有效途径。  相似文献   

Optimization of elastolysis conditions and elastolytic kinetic analysis with elastase from Bacillus licheniformis ZJUEL31410     

Chen QH  He GQ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(6):482-490

INTRODUCTION Elastases are heterogeneous with differing sub-strate specificities and catalytic mechanisms. In fact, enzymes with elastolytic activity can be found in most of the major proteolytic families, including serine, thiol, aspartic, and metallo-enzymes. Despite the differences in catalytic mechanisms, all of these elastases share a common specificity for cleaving peptide bonds associated with hydrophobic or aro-matic amino acids (Hall and Czerkawaki, 1961). Bacterial elastases b…  相似文献   

短跑途中跑支撑阶段运动学与动力学特征新研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

施宝兴 《广州体育学院学报》2005,25(2):53-59

采用测力与同步摄像方法,对原始解析坐标数据利用测量到的力的数据计算身体重心的加速度,并采用“积分平滑”的方法研究短跑途中跑支撑阶段身体重心的运动学特征,水平与垂直速度的获得由积分获得。从力的原始数据中分析跑的压心与反作用的方向变化。研究结果显示：短跑途中跑身体重心最低点在整个支撑阶段标准化时刻的30％左右,前支撑阶段运动员有加速用力现象,此加速用力虽影响水平速度,但对提高垂直速度有积极意义,垂直速度在标准化支撑时间的80％处开始下降;途中跑支撑阶段压心从着地时的跖趾骨处急速向踝关节移动后又逐渐向前移动到第二跖关节附近,着地时反作用力的方向有两次向后“突变”。采用的积分平滑运动学数据的技术措施能有效提高计算的精确度。  相似文献   

水滑石改性氰酸酯纳米复合材料的固化动力学研究     

李俊燕 《渭南师范学院学报》2013,(12):40-43

采用动态差示扫描量热法（DSC）对不同含量氰酸酯/水滑石复合体系进行了固化反应动力学研究,通过Kissinger法、Ozawa法和Crane法计算了复合体系的反应活化能及反应级数等固化反应参数.结果表明,水滑石纳米粒子的加入使氰酸酯固化反应放热峰的峰值温度和反应终止温度明显降低,同时降低了固化反应的表观活化能,但反应级数基本不变.这说明纳米水滑石的加入对固化反应有一定的促进作用,但并不改变氰酸酯的固化反应机理.  相似文献   

The effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on landing mechanics: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injuries     

Meghan L. Critchley  Daniel J. Davis  Michaela M. Keener  Jacob S. Layer  Margaret A. Wilson  Qin Zhu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(4):421-437

ABSTRACT

The purpose was to quantify the effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on knee mechanics in a double-leg landing. Eighteen male and 20 female participants completed a jump-landing-jump task in five conditions: no rotation, testing leg ipsilateral or contralateral (WBRC) to the whole-body rotation direction, and testing leg ipsilateral (TRI) or contralateral to the trunk rotation direction. The WBRC and TRI conditions demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angles at initial contact (2.6 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3) and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments during the 100 ms after landing (1.7 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3). The TRI condition also showed the greatest knee internal rotation angles at initial contact and peak knee abduction and internal rotation angles and peak knee extension moments during the 100 ms after landing (2.0 > Cohen’s dz > 0.5). Whole-body rotation increased contralateral knee loading because of its primary role in decelerating medial-lateral velocities. Trunk rotation resulted in the greatest knee loading for the ipsilateral knee due to weight shifting and mechanical coupling between the trunk and lower extremities. These findings may help understand altered trunk motion in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.  相似文献   

Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist     

Johannes Funken  Kai Heinrich  Steffen Willwacher  Ralf Müller  Jonas Böcker  Hiroaki Hobara 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):75-87

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon), four force plates (Kistler) and a modified mathematical human model (ALASKA) were used to compare clockwise and counter clockwise curve sprinting lower limb kinematics and kinetics of a Paralympic medalist with a left-sided knee exarticular amputation. Results reveal that vertical ground reaction force application and total vertical impulse were lower when the affected limb was at the inside of the curve. The unaffected limb showed joint mechanics different to those established for non-amputee athletes and might contribute better to propulsion when being the inside limb. Curve sprinting biomechanics and the ability to attain high radial velocities are directly dependent on the side of amputation relative to the curve direction in a unilateral amputee athlete of highest performance level.  相似文献   

Understanding the track and field sprint start through a functional analysis of the external force features which contribute to higher levels of block phase performance     

Neil Edward Bezodis  Sean Peter Walton  Ryu Nagahara 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(5):560-567

This study aimed to identify the continuous ground reaction force (GRF) features which contribute to higher levels of block phase performance. Twenty-three sprint-trained athletes completed starts from their preferred settings during which GRFs were recorded separately under each block. Continuous features of the magnitude and direction of the resultant GRF signals which explained 90% of the variation between the sprinters were identified. Each sprinter’s coefficient score for these continuous features was then input to a linear regression model to predict block phase performance (normalised external power). Four significant (p < 0.05) predictor features associated with GRF magnitude were identified; there were none associated with GRF direction. A feature associated with greater rear block GRF magnitudes from the onset of the push was the most important predictor (β = 1.185), followed by greater front block GRF magnitudes for the final three-quarters of the push (β = 0.791). Features which included a later rear block exit (β = 0.254) and greater front leg GRF magnitudes during the mid-push phase (β = 0.224) were also significant predictors. Sprint practitioners are encouraged, where possible, to consider the continuous magnitude of the GRFs produced throughout the block phase in addition to selected discrete values.  相似文献   

Between-limb differences in running technique induces asymmetric negative joint work during running     

Satoru Hashizume  Hiroaki Hobara  Yoshiyuki Kobayashi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):757-764

Negative work, which is mainly generated by eccentric muscle contraction, has an important influence on the associated muscle damage. Generally, mechanical parameters are determined for one side of a lower extremity on the assumption of negligible between-limb differences. However, between-limb differences in the negative work of lower extremity joints during running remain unclear. This study examines between-limb differences in negative work and associated mechanical parameters during the contact phase of running. Twenty-five young adult males voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant was asked to run on a straight runway at a speed of 3.0?m?s^?1. Negative work, amplitude, duration of negative power, moment, and angular velocity were computed for both sides of the lower extremities. Significant differences were found in negative work between limbs for the hip (18.9?±?11.7%), knee (13.6?±?10.4%), and ankle (11.8?±?8.5%) joints. For the hip joint, asymmetric negative work was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude of negative power owing to a corresponding difference in the moment. The between-limb differences concerning the duration and amplitude of negative power could explain the asymmetric negative work in the knee joint. The asymmetric negative work of the ankle joint was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude and duration of the negative power and the moment. These results indicate that asymmetric negative work was generated in each lower extremity joint; however, the major mechanical parameters corresponding to the negative work are not the same across the joints.  相似文献   

Muscle force characteristics of male and female collegiate cross-country runners during overground running     

C. Nathan Vannatta  Thomas G. Almonroeder  Thomas W. Kernozek  Stacey Meardon 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):542-551

ABSTRACT

Males and females demonstrate unique running mechanics that may contribute to sex-related differences in common running related injuries. Understanding differences in muscle forces during running may inform intervention approaches, such as gait retraining addressing muscle force distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle force characteristics and inter-trial variability between males and females during running. Twenty female and 14 male collegiate cross-country runners were examined. Three-dimensional kinetic and kinematic data were collected during overground running and used to estimate muscle forces via musculoskeletal modelling. Principle components analysis was used to capture the primary sources of variance from the muscle force waveforms. The magnitude of the forces for the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were higher across the majority of stance in male runners regardless of footstrike pattern. Males also demonstrated greater inter-trial variability in the timing of the peak gluteus maximus force and the magnitude of local peaks in the gastrocnemius force waveform. Male and female collegiate cross-country runners appear to employ unique lower extremity muscle force characteristics during overground running.  相似文献   

过碳酸钠热分解动力学研究(Ⅱ)-最佳实验点的确定     

赵红坤  王鸿显  杜美菊 《商丘师范学院学报》2002,18(2):79-81,85

采用置信域容积最小为目标的实验设计方法，对过碳酸钠分解动力学实验进行了统计设计，确定了最佳实验点的位置，研究结果表明，在过碳酸钠分解率0．1及0．85两个位置做实验，能够对过碳酸钠分解动力学模型中的两参数k和t0精确估值。  相似文献