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本文采用实验研究法,对112名处于颈部不适状态的高校学生进行个案研究。从运动干预改善学生颈部不适状况的设想出发,综合有关理论、实验方法制定运动干预计划与具体实施计划。通过运动干预前后进行对比,证明:运动干预可有效的降低高校学生颈部不适的程度,改善其身体状态,从而使其生活质量、学习效率、身体素质等得到提高。 相似文献
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摘要：目的：通过太极拳云手技术对脊柱曲度影响的实证研究,探索太极拳形态的核心技术变化规律。方法：采用实验方法对高水平太极拳组和普通组进行对比研究。结果：高水平太极拳组,在太极拳云手动作的脊柱变化是脊柱胸腰段曲度在胸椎1～7节上没有明显变化,而从第8～12胸椎,包括全部的5节腰椎,整体上都存在比较大的后凸趋势,且呈现出逐节递增的变化特征。结论：1）太极拳形的核心要素是脊柱的生理弯曲减小,由“S”型变化“C”型,形成近似“中直”的轴形。太极拳运动能够对人体脊柱的曲度和活动度起到很大的锻炼功效,有长期太极拳练习经历的人群,在对脊柱曲度变化的调节和控制能力上要明显优于短时间或无太极拳练习基础的人。2）受传统“中庸思想”影响和太极拳攻防化劲发力要求形成了太极拳形的“中直”脊柱形态变化。3）脊柱生理弯曲改变,使脊柱椎间盘受力均匀,深层肌肉得到锻炼,可以有效缓解和治疗脊柱疼痛等脊柱疾病,有助健康。4）依据研究结果提出“靠墙站桩”简易健身方法。 相似文献
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摘要：目的：非特异性腰背疼痛已经成为影响青少年身体健康的公共卫生问题,脊柱形态与功能的改变可能是青少年非特异性腰背疼痛的影响因素。通过对青少年脊柱形态与功能的全面测试,可以为青少年非特异性疼痛的预防以及治疗提供可靠的依据。方法：对北京、天津地区四所中学进行问卷调查,筛选符合条件的受试者。在征得学生和家长同意的前提下,使用spinal mouse电子脊柱测量仪对非特异性腰背疼痛组273名（男,121名;女,152名）学生和对照组127名（男,63名;女,64名）学生进行脊柱形态与功能测试。测试指标包括直立位、坐位以及负重状态（Matthiass test）下的胸椎后凸角（TKA）、腰椎前凸角（LLA）、骶骨倾角(SA)、倾斜角(INA),以及前屈、后伸、左右侧屈时脊柱各节段活动度。计算TKA、LLA异常率（正常范围,TKA：20°～40°,LLA：24.6°～71.4°）,并使用似然比卡方检验比较不同年级组、不同性别、不同疼痛类型间的异常率。使用偏相关分析探讨非特异性腰背疼痛与年龄的相关性,使用二分类logistics回归模型对脊柱形态与功能等指标与非特异性腰背疼痛进行相关性分析。结果：1）初中生TKA异常率分别为47.0%,53.0%(男生、女生) ;高中生TKA异常率为52.6%,48.0% (男生、女生)。2）初中生LLA异常率为67.5%,45.2%（男生、女生）;高中生LLA异常率为52.6%和21.7%（男生、女生）。3）胸椎后凸角（P<0.05,OR=1.236）和腰椎从屈曲位到后伸位的活动度(P<0.01,OR=0.975)与青少年非特异性腰背疼痛具有相关性。结论： 本研究受试者中,胸椎后凸角与腰椎前凸角异常的比例较高。胸椎后凸角较大以及腰椎总体活动度不足是青少年发生非特异性腰背疼痛的危险因素。 相似文献
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目的:描述艺术体操运动员完成专项动作过程中的脊柱形态,结合躯干侧屈肌力的对称性特征,讨论专项动作和躯干肌力对脊柱产生的不对称负荷特征及其对脊柱曲度异常的影响。方法:红外动作捕捉系统获取脊柱椎体三维坐标,曲线拟合脊柱弯曲状态;等长肌力测试系统获得躯干两侧侧屈肌肉峰值力矩;配对t检验比较左右对称性,计算对称系数分析脊柱弯曲形态与肌肉力量的关联。结果:后扳腿动作脊柱矢状面上曲率最大椎体位置在左、右后扳腿两种情况之间存在显著相关(p=0.003),后扳、侧扳腿动作脊柱额状面上曲率最大值和对应椎体位置左右侧间均未发现显著相关、亦无显著差异。躯干处于同15°位、反15°位和反30°位进行侧屈时,右屈的肌肉峰值力矩显著大于左屈。脊柱弯曲曲率最大值和椎体位置的两侧对称系数与侧屈肌力对称系数之间均未发现显著相关。结论:艺术体操专项动作对脊柱矢状面的影响更显著,与脊柱额状面的曲度异常无直接关联。对于已经存在脊柱曲度异常的艺术体操运动员来说,不能通过对躯干侧屈肌肉力量进行对称性训练的方式,直接调整专项动作已对脊柱产生的不对称影响。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):469-474
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of hamstring extensibility on spinal and pelvic postures adopted by young paddlers in their kayaks. Methods: Sixty-eight young elite kayakers were recruited for the study (mean value 15.23, s=0.68 years). Thoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic position were evaluated with a Spinal Mouse system in standing position and in the boat (seated in the kayak with the paddle resting on their thighs, right entry position and left entry position). Hamstring muscle extensibility was determined in both legs by passive straight leg raise test (PSLR). The sample was divided into two groups with regard to straight leg raise angle (Group A, PSLR < 80°, n=32, and group B, PSLR ≥ 80°, n=32). Results: Paddlers with lower extensibility presented higher thoracic and lumbar flexion and a more posterior pelvic tilt in the kayak in all three positions. However, no significant differences were found between the groups when standing. Conclusion: The results suggest that lower hamstring extensibility is related to increased spinal flexion and posterior pelvic tilt, which can overload the spine during paddling training. A systematic and intensive stretching programme to improve hamstring muscle extensibility should be incorporated into the training activities of paddlers. 相似文献
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Abstract Rugby players have a reduced active cervical range of motion (ACROM) mid-season compared with age-matched controls. This is most evident in rugby forwards, who have ACROM similar to patients with acute whiplash. This study aims to show if the change in ACROM over an entire rugby season (pre-, mid-, and end of season) shows a pattern of decline. A cross-sectional study of 22 rugby players (11 backs aged 24.9 ± 1.3 years; 11 forwards aged 24.5 ± 1.1 years) from elite English Premiership clubs had their cervical range of motion measured for flexion, extension, left and right side flexion, plus left and right rotation with a cervical range of motion device. The percentage change between start to mid-season, mid- to end of season, and start to end of season were calculated. Group means were compared for absolute ACROM (degrees) and percentage change over the season. The percentage change indicated a decrease in ACROM over the rugby playing season, with most of the decrement occurring in the second half of the season. Most of the relative change was observed in right lateral flexion, while rotation did not change significantly. In conclusion, ACROM declines throughout the playing season, which requires attention in terms of training and rehabilitation. 相似文献
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Fiona Wilson John Gormley Conor Gissane Ciaran Simms 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1481-1489
Abstract Lumbar spine injury is common in rowers and examination of spinal kinematics may improve the understanding of this injury's prevalence. This study aimed to examine the range of frontal plane angular displacement (AD) in the lumbar spine at L3 during ergometer rowing and to investigate the effect of exhaustion on lumbar kinematics. Twelve elite male rowers completed an incremental test on a Concept 2 ergometer. Lumbar AD at L3 was measured continually throughout the rowing trial using a Spectrotilt Inclinometer and blood lactate was sampled at 3-minute intervals. AD of between 4.7° and 8.8° was recorded at L3. There was a significant increase in AD between the first and last stage of the test (mean increase = 4.1 ± 1.94°, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 2.9 to 5.3°, t = 7.36, P = 0.000014). Incremental rise in AD was associated with an incremental rise in blood lactate but regression confirmed that only stroke rate was a significant predictor for increasing angle. Thus there is a statistically significant increase in frontal plane AD at L3 over the course of an incremental exercise test although it cannot be confirmed if this is as a result of exhaustion. The values of AD confirm that there is motion in the frontal plane in ergometer rowing. 相似文献
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目的:通过对脊柱形态的测量,找出长期冲击应力对蹦床运动员脊柱的影响。方法:通过Spinal Mouse脊柱测量仪,对8名高水平蹦床运动员和20名正常大学生进行脊柱测量,并进行比较,找出两者的差异之处。结果:运动员和大学生脊柱在静态和动态情况下角度都存在不同程度的差异。结论:通过对测得的脊柱数据进行比较分析,长期的冲击应力使得蹦床运动员直立时腰椎的生理弯曲变小,骨盆前倾减小,但是对胸椎的生理弯曲影响不大。在脊柱动态活动时,蹦床运动员胸椎的活动度变小,腰椎的活动度没有变化,骨盆活动度变大,脊柱总活动度变大。 相似文献