循环抗阻训练对女大学生肌力及有氧耐力影响研究*     

窦海波  成波锦  何〓辉 《广州体育学院学报》2020,(2):87-91

目的：探讨循环抗阻训练对非体育专业女大学生等动肌力以及有氧工作能力的影响。方法：以在校非体育专项23名女大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行8周循环抗阻训练,对照组不训练。训练前后,利用IsoMed2000等动肌力测试系统测试肩关节、腰腹、膝关节等部位等速肌力;利用CORTEX MetaMax-3B运动心肺功能测试仪测试最大摄氧量的变化。结果：1.通过8周循环抗阻训练,女大学生左右膝关节屈伸肌群等动肌力均显著高于训练前,腰腹伸肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前,左右肩关节屈肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前,右肩关节伸肌群等动肌力极显著高于训练前;2.通过8周循环抗阻训练,女大学生最大摄氧量绝对值、相对值以及最大摄氧量出现时间均极显著高于训练前。结论：通过8周循环抗阻训练,能提升女大学生有氧耐力,增加女大学生膝关节屈伸肌群、躯干伸肌群、左右肩关节屈肌群峰以及右肩关节伸肌群的力量。但躯干屈肌群和左肩关节伸肌群作用不明显,今后应用该套循环抗阻训练方案,应增加躯干伸肌群和左肩关节伸肌群锻炼动作。  相似文献   

两种大强度间歇训练对优秀公路自行车运动员有氧能力的影响          下载免费PDF全文

屈成刚  唐一丹 《体育科研》2019,(1):64-71

目的：比较两种大强度间歇训练手段对优秀自行车运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法：将15名备战全国“十三运”的云南省自行车队男子运动员随机分为3组, S组训练方案采用SIT/耐力训练, H组训练方案采用HIIT/耐力训练, C组为对照组,进行传统耐力性训练;训练持续3周。训练前后进行递增负荷测试和有氧运动能力测试,测试指标包括最大摄氧量绝对值（VO2max）、最大摄氧量相对值（VO2max/kg）、每分通气量（VE）、最大心率（HRmax）,并通过公式计算每搏输出量（SV）,以及测试递增负荷后即刻血乳酸（BLA）、最大有氧功率（P）和40 km个人计时成绩进行了测试。结果：（1）3周训练后,S组运动员VE、HRmax、SV、VO2max、VO2max/kg、P和ITT40km均较训练前有显著性提高（P＜0.05）;H组运动员VE、VO2max/kg、ITT40km较训练前有显著性增加（P＜0.05）,BLA有显著性的下降（P＜0.05）。（2）S组运动员ΔVE、ΔHRmax、ΔSV、ΔVO2max、ΔVO2max/kg、ΔBLA、ΔITT40km显著提升（P＜0.05）,且优于其余两组;H组仅ΔITT40km存在明显提升（P＜0.05）。结论：间歇训练结合耐力训练对优秀公路自行车运动员的呼吸系统、有氧供能系统可产生积极的影响;而且,SIT结合耐力训练较HIIT结合耐力训练或传统耐力训练更能提高公路自行车运动员的有氧代谢能力和有氧运动能力,训练效果更佳。  相似文献   

不同年龄段女子足球运动员 Yo － Yo间歇恢复性测试与有氧、无氧能力的关联研究     

孙哲  陈效科  丰保成  徐萌 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(6):103-109

本研究以中国国家女子足球队 U －12、U －15、U －19集训队伍的52名运动员为实验对象,分别进行了 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2、最大摄氧量、平均无氧功率测试,以分析 Yo － Yo 间歇恢复性测试与不同年龄段女子足球运动员有氧、无氧能力的关系。相关性分析表明：（1）U －12年龄组女子足球运动员 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2测试与最大摄氧量测试结果之间低度相关,而与平均无氧功率结果间呈高度相关;（2）U －15年龄组运动员 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2和平均无氧功率结果间中度相关,而2者和运动员的最大摄氧量没有明显的相关关系;（3）U －19年龄组运动员 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2测试成绩和最大摄氧量结果间显著相关,而与平均无氧功率间关联程度很弱。结论：Yo － Yo间歇恢复性测试可较好地评价处于青春期女子足球运动员的无氧能力,以及成年女子足球运动员的有氧能力。  相似文献   

美感训练在有氧健身操中的运用和分析     

马彦  陈超 《湖北体育科技》2008,27(3):289-291

通过对国内一些大型健身俱乐部有氧健身操训练的调研和了解,找出问题所在,并提出了了解决问题的方法和思路,以解决实际问题,帮助练习者培养良好的运动兴趣,以养成其终身体育思想及终身体育习惯。  相似文献   

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017     

Grant R. Tomkinson  Tetsuhiro Kidokoro  Trevor J. Dufner  Shingo Noi  John S. Fitzgerald  Holly M. Brown-Borg 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(4):462-469

BackgroundThe 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and health. The primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017; the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size (i.e., height and mass) and self-reported participation in exercise/sport.MethodsAdults aged 65–79 years were included. Annual nationally representative 6MWD data (n = 103,505) for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Temporal trends in means (and relative frequencies) were estimated at the gender–age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Temporal trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017 there was a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD (absolute = 45 m (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 43–47); percent = 8.0% (95%CI: 7.6%–8.4%); effect size = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.48–0.54)). Gender- and age-related temporal differences in means were negligible. Variability in 6MWD declined substantially (ratio of coefficients of variation = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.92), with declines larger for women compared to men, and for 75–79-year-olds compared to 65–74-year-olds. Correspondingly, there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass, respectively, and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per session.ConclusionThere has been a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998, which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and health. The substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the distribution. Trends in 6MWD are probably influenced by corresponding trends in body size and/or participation in exercise/sport.  相似文献   

Comparison of visual,automatic and semiautomatic methods to determine ventilatory indices in 50 to 60 years old adults     

Martin Pühringer  Susanne Ring-Dimitriou  Thomas Stöggl  Bernhard Iglseder  Bernhard Paulweber 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):692-702

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare different methods of detecting ventilatory indices (VI) and to investigate the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level on VI detection. Fifty females and fifty males completed a graded exercise test until volitional exhaustion with continuous gas-exchange measurement. The first and second ventilatory indices (VI-1, VI-2) were detected through different single automatic methods and through a semiautomatic method which combines visual and automatic detection methods. Additionally, the VIs were detected visually by two experts which served as the study specific gold standard. When comparing the semiautomatic method at VI-1 (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) 0.88 [0.81, 0.92], Bland-Altman bias ± limits of agreement (LoA) 55 ± 334 ml O₂ · min^?1) and VI-2 (ICC 0.97 [0.96, 0.98], LoA 1 ± 268 ml O₂ · min^?1) to the visually detected VI, high levels of agreements and no significant differences were found. This was not the case for any of the other automatic methods. Additionally, we couldn’t find any relevant differences regarding the CRF level.

We therefore concluded that the semiautomatic detection method should be used for VI detection, as results are more accurate than in any of the single-automatic methods.

Abbreviations: CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; VO_2peak: peak oxygen uptake; VI-1: first ventilatory indices; VI-2: second ventilatory indices; LoA: Bland-Altman bias ± limits of agreement; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient.  相似文献   

Fitness,physical activity and academic achievement in overweight/obese children     

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez  Jairo H. Migueles  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Jose Mora-Gonzalez  Pontus Henriksson  María Rodriguez-Ayllon 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):731-740

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the associations of fitness and physical activity with academic achievement in children with overweight/obesity. A total of 106 (10.0 ± 1.1y, 61 boys) children participated. The fitness components were assessed by field and laboratory-based tests. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry. The academic achievement was assessed by a standardised test and school-grades. Field-based cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with language skills (ß-standardised- ranging from 0.281 to 0.365, p < 0.01). The field-based muscular strength was associated with grade point average, natural and social sciences, and foreign language (ß = 0.280–0.326, all p ≤ 0.01). Speed-agility was associated with some language-related skills (ß = 0.325–0.393, all p ≤ 0.01). The laboratory-based muscular strength also showed an association with mathematics skills (ß = 0.251–0.306, all p ≤ 0.01). Physical activity did not show significant association with academic achievement (p > 0.01). Overall, the significant associations observed for muscular strength and speed/agility were attenuated and disappeared in many cases after additional adjustments for body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness, indicating that these associations are inter-dependent. Our study contributes by indicating that other fitness components apart from cardiorespiratory fitness, such as muscular strength and speed-agility, are positively associated with academic achievement. However, these associations appear to be dependent on body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness.  相似文献   

Cardiorespiratory fitness and telomere length: a systematic review     

Adilson Marques  Élvio Rubio Gouveira  Miguel Peralta  João Martins  Joed Venturini  Duarte Henriques-Neto 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1690-1697

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to systematically review the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and telomere length (TL). Studies were identified from searches in Cochrane Central, PubMed, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science databases through July 2019. Eligibility criteria included: cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental study design; outcomes included TL; results expressed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and TL; studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies (80%) reported a significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, or training load, and TL. Better cardiorespiratory fitness or a large cardiorespiratory training load are associated with an increase in TL. Although, TL was related to regular moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in older healthy humans, it was not related to cardiorespiratory fitness among young subjects. There seems to be a positive and significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and TL, mainly among middle age and older people, which emphasizes the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for healthy ageing. Therefore, endurance exercise and better cardiorespiratory fitness may regulate the TL in middle age and older adults, slowing the cellular ageing process.  相似文献   

对间歇性低氧训练提高机体有氧代谢能力的机制分析     

李登光  景会锋 《四川体育科学》2005,(4):23-26

本文运用文献综述和逻辑分析的方法，通过对间歇性低氧训练相关研究的分析和综述，发现：间歇性低氧训练是提高机体有氧代谢能力的1种手段。因此，从与机体有氧代谢相关的呼吸系统、心血管系统、血液系统、组织细胞和骨骼肌等几个方面对其机制进行分析，为机体有氧代谢的相关研究提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

有氧运动是新的减肥方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张福华  秦佩旭  曹玉荣 《通化师范学院学报》2002,23(2):96-98

伴随着人类社会的发展，进步，肥胖症这种“明病”已遍及世界各地，并且发生率一直持续而且明显地上升。据世界卫生组织的专门调查，肥胖病人占地球上全体居民的20％－25％，有氧运动能促进人体脂肪的分解从而达到减肥的目的。  相似文献