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21.
为研究在训练中和训练后联合补充谷氨酰胺(Gln)对运动员机体的影响.10名运动员分别进行两次75%最大摄氧量的功率自行车运动,运动员在两次测试中分别补充谷氨酰胺(补充组)和安慰剂(补组)饮料,在运动后开始60 min,受试者进行第一次谷氨酰胺或麦芽糖糊精饮料的补充,然后每隔45 min服用等剂量的饮料,再服用4次,直到运动结束后2 h,在不补组,血浆谷氨酰胺浓度在运动后即刻有所降低;而在补充组,血浆谷氨酰胺浓度基本没有变化.在运动后2 h,补充组和不补组,血浆Gln浓度虽然都有所降低,但是在Gln补充组,血浆Gln的降低没有统计学意义,而在不补组,降低结果具有显著性. 相似文献
22.
建立三种强度长期训练模型，通过对心肌力学指标、肌节长度的测定和心肌纤维纵向行走情况的观察，研究长期训练中训练强度对心肌功能的影响。结果提示：长期高强度间歇训练不能对心功能产生良好的适应性影响，甚至可能对心肌舒张功能产生损害；长期耐力训练可对心功能产生良好的适应性影响，但心肌收缩功能和心肌舒张功能对长期耐力训练的适应能力并不一致，心舒功能的适应能力较差。 相似文献
23.
HiLo(高住低训)——耐力训练的新方法 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
自 1990年美国学者Dr.Leving提出HiLo (高原居住、低处训练 )的新方法 ,越来越受到人们重视 ,实践证明这是比传统高原训练更行之有效的方法之一 ,本文以比较的角度介绍此方法 ,旨在引起我国体育工作者的重视 ,加强这方面的认识。 相似文献
24.
文章根据运动心理学、运动生理学和运动训练法的基本原理,在体育课上设计了四种不同教学方法,进行实验研究,并收到了良好的教学效果。 相似文献
25.
郑辉 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》1997,(Z1)
对武术运动中竞赛项目套路的供能方式和代谢特点进行了初步探讨.实验结果显示,男、女运动员套路演练后血乳酸浓度、即刻心率、尿蛋白分别为11.37±1.39和10.09±1.41mmol/L、183.6±5.6和191.8±5.76次/min、66.8±39.8和115.0±96.4mg/min.L.提示,1min 20s左右的武术竞赛项目套路演练与运动时间在1～2min之间的游泳全力游和中长跑的代谢供能特点是基本一致的,是一项以糖酵解供能方式为主的运动项目.因此.有针对性地发展乳酸能系统,提高身体对乳酸的耐受能力,是武术教学训练中不可忽略的问题. 相似文献
26.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):773-783
AbstractPurpose: To investigate if combined strength and aerobic training can enhance aerobic capacity in the elderly to a similar extent as aerobic training alone when training duration is matched. Methods: Elderly men and women (age 63.2?±?4.7) were randomized into two intervention groups: an aerobic group (AG, n?=?17) and a combined group (CG, n?=?16). Subjects trained 40?minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. Both groups trained 20 minutes at 65% of heart rate reserve on ergometer cycles followed by another 20 minutes on the ergometer cycles for AG and 20-minute strength training for the lower body for CG. The primary outcome was VO2max. Secondary outcomes were maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in isometric knee extension, 1 repetition maximum in three leg exercises, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and score on the Health Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: Both groups improved VO2max (p?<?.01) and MVC (p?<?.001). VO2max increased 17% confidence interval (CI) [7.4–26] in CG and 26% CI [14.1–38.2] in AG, with no significant difference between groups. MVC increased 22% CI [16.3–27.7] in CG and 9% CI [4.6–13.5] in AG with CG improving MVC more than AG (p?<?.01). CG's score on the general health dimension on the SF-36 health survey improved more than AG's score. Conclusion: Elderly can substitute a part of their aerobic training with strength training and still improve VO2max to a clinically significant degree when strength training is performed with large muscle groups subsequently to the aerobic training. Combined training additionally improves strength and self-assessed general health more than aerobic training alone. 相似文献
27.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):686-694
AbstractAltered autonomic function has been identified following ultra-endurance event participation among elite world-class athletes. Despite dramatic increases in recreational athlete participation in these ultra-endurance events, the physiological effects on these athletes are less known. This investigation sought to characterise changes in surrogate measures of autonomic function: heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) following ultra-endurance race participation. Further, we sought to compare baseline measures among ultra-endurance athletes and recreationally active controls not participating in the ultra-endurance race. Recreational ultra-endurance athletes (n = 25, 44.6 ± 8.2 years, 8 females) and recreationally active age, sex and body mass index matched controls (n = 25) were evaluated. Measurements of HRV, BPV and BRS were collected pre- and post-race for recreational ultra-endurance athletes and at baseline, for recreationally active controls. Post-race, ultra-endurance athletes demonstrated significantly greater sympathetic modulation [low frequency (LF) power HRV: 50.3 ± 21.6 normalised units (n.u.) to 65.9 ± 20.4 n.u., p = 0.01] and significantly lower parasympathetic modulation [high frequency (HF) power HRV: 45.0 ± 22.4 n.u. to 23.9 ± 13.1 n.u., p < 0.001] and BRS. Baseline measurements BRS (spectral: 13.96 ± 10.82 ms·mmHg?1 vs. 11.39 ± 5.33 ms·mmHg?1) were similar among recreational ultra-endurance athletes and recreationally active controls, though recreational ultra-endurance athletes demonstrated greater parasympathetic modulation of some HRV and BPV measures. Recreational ultra-endurance athletes experienced increased sympathetic tone and declines in BRS post-race, similar to previously reported elite world-class ultra-endurance athletes, though still within normal population ranges. 相似文献
28.
Michael Leveritt Helen MacLaughlin Peter J. Abernethy 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):865-871
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of endurance exercise on subsequent strength performance. Eight males with a long history of resistance training performed isokinetic, isometric and isotonic leg extension strength tests 8 and 32 h after 50 min of cycle ergometry at 70-110% of critical power. The participants also completed a control condition in which no cycling was performed. Plasma lactate and ammonia were measured before and immediately after each strength test. Isokinetic, isometric and isotonic leg extension torques were not significantly different 8 or 32 h after endurance exercise compared with the control condition ( P > 0.05). A large (50.3%), but not statistically significant, increase in plasma ammonia was evident during the strength tests performed 8 h after endurance exercise, while a significant ( P ? 0.05) increase in ammonia was also seen 32 h after endurance exercise. No significant changes in plasma ammonia were evident in the control condition. Our results suggest that leg extension strength was not compromised by an earlier bout of endurance cycling. However, metabolic activity during the strength tests might have been altered by the preceding bout of endurance exercise. 相似文献
29.
The hypothesis that endurance training impairs sprinting ability was examined. Eight male subjects undertook a 30‐s sprint test on a cycle ergometer before and after 6 weeks of cycling training for endurance. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and submaximum endurance were determined to evaluate the influence of the training regimen on endurance performance. Endurance was defined as the time to exhaustion at a relative exercise intensity of 85% VO2 max. Maximum oxygen uptake was increased by 18% post‐training (3.29 ± 0.291 min–1 versus 3.89±0.491 min–1; P <0.01), but endurance at the same absolute work rate as pre‐training was increased by more than 200% (32.2 ±11.4 min versus 97.8 + 27.3 min; P <0.01). These improvements were accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to standard, submaximum exercise. Despite the improvements in endurance, neither performance during the cycle sprint test nor the increase in blood lactate concentration during the sprint was influenced by endurance training. For short‐term cycling training, these findings reinforce the concept of training specificity whilst demonstrating that decrements in sprint performance are not a necessary consequence of improved endurance. 相似文献
30.
Luis E. Roche-Seruendo Isabel Auria-Martin Ana V. Bataller-Cervero Pedro A. Latorre Román Victor M. Soto -Hermoso 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(13):1441-1446
This study aimed to determine the effect of different percentages of body weight support (BWS) on spatiotemporal step characteristics during running. 26 endurance runners (age: 37 ± 9 years) completed a running treadmill protocol consisting of 6 different conditions (BWS combinations: 0–50%), with velocity maintained at 12 km/h. Each condition lasted 1 minute. Step angle, ground contact time (CT), flight time (FT), step length (SL) and frequency (SF), and duration of phases during stance time (phase1: initial contact; phase2: midstance; phase3: propulsion) were measured for every step during the test using a photoelectric cell system. Compared with the baseline condition (100% BW), FT was longer, CT was shorter, SL was longer, SF was lower, and the step angle was higher with each increase in BWS (p < 0.05). Also, some changes were observed in the duration of phases during stance time: phase1 did not experience changes across experimental conditions (p = 0.096), phase2 decreased and phase3 increased as BW was supported (p < 0.05). These results indicate that as BW was supported, runners showed longer FT and SL, shorter CT, lower SF, and greater step angle as well as some changes in the phases during the ground contact. Therefore, this study highlights the effect of different percentages of BWS on spatiotemporal parameters. 相似文献