From expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: A developmental,social cognitive,and sociocultural perspective on motivation     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2020

Eccles and colleagues’ expectancy-value theory of achievement choice has guided much research over the last 40+ years. In this article, we discuss five “macro” level issues concerning the theory. Our broad purposes in taking this approach are to clarify some issues regarding the current status of the theory, make suggestions for next steps for research based in the theory, and justify our decision to call the theory Situated Expectancy-Value Theory (SEVT). First, we note how visual representations of the model make it appear static, linear, and monolithic, something that was not intended from its inception. Second, we discuss definitions of the major psychological constructs in the model, focusing on our and others’ elaboration of the task value component, particularly the “cost” component. In this section we also discuss research on the development of expectancies and values. Third, we discuss the often-neglected middle part of the model focused on how individuals understand and interpret their own performance as well as the many messages they receive from different socializers regarding their activity participation and performance. In the fourth section we discuss the situative and culturally-focused aspects of the model, stressing the impact of the situation and cultural background on children’s developing expectancy and value hierarchies. The fifth issue (one that we mention in several of the previous sections) concerns the importance of understanding the development of individuals’ hierarchies of expectancies of success and subjective task values and how they relate to performance, choice, and engagement.  相似文献   

The impact of elaborated feedback on text comprehension within a computer-based assessment     

《Learning and Instruction》2015

We investigated what impact elaborated feedback has on sixth graders' deep-level comprehension of texts within a computer-based assessment. Experiment 1 (N = 566) focused on the contents of computer-provided elaborated feedback (i.e. inference-prompts, error explanations, or monitoring-prompt) using a control-group design. Results showed that none of the feedback treatments had an effect on performance. This appeared to result from participants' low commitment to processing the feedback. Experiment 2 (N = 251) focused on the feedback presentation type by varying computer-mediated and person-mediated inference-prompts within a control-group design. Results showed that only the person-mediated inference-prompts had significant effects on performance with respect to the correction of initially false answers to comprehension questions and the performance on subsequent test questions. Findings of both experiments indicate the impact of inference-prompts on text comprehension within performance assessments, highlighting the need to explicitly account for motivational issues in feedback interventions on higher-order reading processes.  相似文献   

浅议二语习得中的焦虑与动机因素     

李斯兰 《科教文汇》2011,(4):54-55

在二语习得的研究中,焦虑和动机是非常关键的情感因素。本文试图通过研究这两者间的相互关系,并比较焦虑在语言学习中的积极与消极效果,由此推断焦虑在语言学习中起到的作用弊大于利。  相似文献   

越轨创新的前因、过程与结果研究     

王伟  刘汉轻 《科技管理研究》2020,40(15):20-25

首先研究越轨创新概念的提出及其内涵,分析越轨创新与技术创新、公民组织行为的区别,在此基础上探讨越轨创新的前因、过程和结果,并建立越轨创新的过程模型。最后,基于现有研究,提出越轨创新的管理启示及研究展望。  相似文献   

Die intrinsische Motivation zu wissenschaftlicher Arbeit als Problem von Universitätsorganisation und Leistungsmessung     

Markus F. Hofreither  Stefan Vogel 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2008,7(3):63-69

Dieser Beitrag hat die organisatorischen Veränderungen an Österreichs Universitäten während der letzten 40 Jahre zum Gegenstand. Der Weg von der Ordinarienuniversität zur unternehmerischen Universität wird nachgezeichnet und die Chancen und Risiken einer Vermarktlichung der Koordinationsmechanismen an der Universität werden diskutiert. Probleme werden insbesondere bei der Messung und Steuerung wissenschaftlicher Leistung geortet. Als besonderes Risiko der unternehmerischen Universität wird die Verdrängung innerer Motivation durch äußere Motivation im Handeln von WissenschafterInnen gesehen.  相似文献   

Attracting tomorrow’s engineers: an evaluation of a scheme to enhance recruitment into engineering     

Nicholas Smith  Martin Monk 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2005,30(2):233-243

This paper reports a survey of 16 to 17 year old students who took part in a school based project activity designed to motivate them to consider a career in engineering. The scheme can be considered a success in that an uppermost estimated figure of 19% more students were recruited to engineering undergraduate courses than might otherwise have been the case in the absence of the scheme. The price that was paid for this was that for every additional engineer recruited to an undergraduate course there were ten participants on the scheme. The way that youngsters make decisions about career choices is discussed in an attempt to throw some light on the mechanisms for uptake (and abandonment) of careers in engineering.  相似文献   

‘Discover,Understand, Implement,and Transfer’: Effectiveness of an intervention programme to motivate students for science     

Kerstin Schütte  Olaf Köller 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):2306-2325

Considerable research has focused on how best to satisfy modern societies’ needs for skilled labour in the field of science. The present study evaluated an intervention programme designed to increase secondary school students’ motivation to pursue a science career. Students from 3 schools of the highest educational track participated for up to 2 years in the intervention programme, which was implemented as an elective in the school curriculum. Our longitudinal study design for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention programme included all students at the grade levels involved in the programme with students who did not participate serving as a control group. Mixed-model analyses of variance showed none of the intended effects of the intervention programme on science motivation; latent growth models corroborated these results. When the programme began, students who enrolled in the science elective (n?=?92) were already substantially more motivated than their classmates (n?=?228). Offering such an intervention programme as an elective did not further increase the participating students’ science motivation. It seems worthwhile to carry out intervention programmes with talented students who show (comparatively) little interest in science at the outset rather than with highly motivated students who self-select into the programme.  相似文献   

Childhood Cancer and the Interplay between Illness,Self-evaluation and Academic Experiences     

Helg Fottland 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):253-273

This paper addresses a study whose objective was to broaden our knowledge about how cancer and treatment affect the academic development of pupils at school and their academic self - concept and self - esteem. Eight school children (whose treatment for various cancer diagnoses had been completed), their parents, teachers and health personnel answered retrospective, semi - structured interviews. The interviews were recorded on tape and later transcribed verbatim, categorised and analysed using NUD*IST qualitative data analysis software. The results demonstrated that pupils with cancer have a clear desire to value their own academic ability, that they strive to master academic requirements in spite of the illness - related restrictions, that school proved to be an important self - concept area for the cancer - ridden children and that their self - esteem is greatly influenced by their evaluation of own academic status.  相似文献   

Video-Based Analyses of Motivation and Interaction in Science Classrooms     

Hanne Moeller Andersen  Birgitte Lund Nielsen 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):906-928

An analytical framework for examining students’ motivation was developed and used for analyses of video excerpts from science classrooms. The framework was developed in an iterative process involving theories on motivation and video excerpts from a ‘motivational event’ where students worked in groups. Subsequently, the framework was used for an analysis of students’ motivation in the whole class situation. A cross-case analysis was carried out illustrating characteristics of students’ motivation dependent on the context. This research showed that students’ motivation to learn science is stimulated by a range of different factors, with autonomy, relatedness and belonging apparently being the main sources of motivation. The teacher’s combined use of questions, uptake and high level evaluation was very important for students’ learning processes and motivation, especially students’ self-efficacy. By coding and analysing video excerpts from science classrooms, we were able to demonstrate that the analytical framework helped us gain new insights into the effect of teachers’ communication and other elements on students’ motivation.  相似文献   

Ours to reason why     

Terry Storry 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(2):133-143

Abstract

This is a story of what happened on the Aiguille du Grepon. It is based on fact and designed to reveal both the appearance and reality of motivation in climbing, a combination that is often difficult to express in a traditional academic style. The story differentiates motivation along two dimensions, a goal dimension with intrinsic and extrinsic rewards at opposite ends and a relational dimension with exclusive and inclusive rewards at opposite ends. These polar opposites are integrated in the experience of outdoor adventure through the story. They are further reflected in the attitudes of a previous generation of climbers. It is suggested that these motivations define the games of outdoor adventure in general, and that we should be self-conscious of them both in education and in play.  相似文献