Acting as accountable authors: Creating interactional spaces for agency work in teacher education     

Lasse Lipponen  Kristiina Kumpulainen   《Teaching and Teacher Education》2011,27(5):812-819

In this paper, relying on the sociocultural framework of learning, we report on the results of an ethnographically-grounded investigation of agency work among nine pre-service teachers: The main objective is to determine how agency emerges and is constructed in situated discourse practices within the context of a teacher education program embedded in the collective inquiry approach. Our study identifies the forms of agency that emerged in the collective discussions of the classroom community, evidencing pre-service teachers’ transformative agency, relational agency and epistemic agency. This study also shows that the negotiation and framing of agency, and acting as accountable authors, involves changes in teacher-student positions, such as crossing and transforming traditional expert-novice boundaries, as well as recognizing and crediting this crossing of boundaries. The methods and conditions for supporting students’ agency work in teacher education are discussed.  相似文献   

Forensic child sexual abuse evaluations: assessing subjectivity and bias in professional judgements     

Everson MD  Sandoval JM 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(4):287-298

Objectives

Evaluators examining the same evidence often arrive at substantially different conclusions in forensic assessments of child sexual abuse (CSA). This study attempts to identify and quantify subjective factors that contribute to such disagreements so that interventions can be devised to improve the reliability of case decisions.

Methods

Participants included 1106 professionals in the field of child maltreatment representing a range of professional positions or job titles and years of experience. Each completed the Child Forensic Attitude Scale (CFAS), a 28-item survey assessing 3 forensic attitudes believed to influence professional judgments about CSA allegations: emphasis-on-sensitivity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false negatives or errors of undercalling abuse); emphasis-on-specificity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false positives or errors of overcalling abuse); and skepticism toward child and adolescent reports of CSA. A subset of 605 professionals also participated in 1 of 3 diverse decision exercises to assess the influence of the 3 forensic attitudes on ratings of case credibility.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors or attitude subscales that corresponded closely with the original CFAS scales: 2 subscales for emphasis-on-sensitivity and 1 each for emphasis-on-specificity and skepticism. Attitude subscale scores differed significantly by sample source (in-state trainings vs. national conferences), gender, years of experience, and professional position, with Child Protective Service workers unexpectedly more concerned about overcalling abuse and more skeptical of child disclosures than other professionals—a pattern of scores associated with an increased probability of disbelieving CSA allegations. The 3 decision exercises offered validation of the attitude subscales as predictors of professional ratings of case credibility, with adjusted R²s for the three exercises ranging from .06 to .24, suggesting highly variable effect sizes.

Conclusions

Evaluator disagreements about CSA allegations can be explained, in part, by individual differences in 3 attitudes related to forensic decision-making: emphasis-on-sensitivity, emphasis-on-specificity, and skepticism toward child reports of abuse. These attitudes operate as predispositions or biases toward viewing CSA allegations as likely true or likely false. Several strategies for curbing the influence of subjective factors are highlighted including self-awareness of personal biases and team approaches to assessment.  相似文献   

Developing as an Ethical English Teacher: Valuing the Personal and Poetic in Professional Learning   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark A. Pike 《English in Education》2011,45(3):224-235

This article draws upon virtue ethics to illustrate the importance of English teachers as ethical professionals. In doing so it focuses attention on the significance of the personal and poetic in professional learning. It is suggested that eschewing the personal and poetic in professional learning may contribute to the de‐professionalisation of English teachers and the commodification of the children they teach. Conversely, acknowledging the personal and poetic liberates teachers of English to develop as ethical professionals who teach for social justice and foster the ethical learning of their students. The article moves from a consideration of the importance of personal values to the value of poetry in professional learning.  相似文献   

北美职业体育经营模式对我国职业体育发展的启示——基于2008年奥运会后的分析     

赵长杰 《体育与科学》2011,32(3):95-101

经过十余年的市场化改革,在奥运会后,我国职业体育产业基本上形成了一个以联赛俱乐部、广大球迷、各类媒体、以及管理层为主体,其他组织并存的职业体育市场。同时也存在不少问题,各职业体育俱乐部的经营仍然较困难,与北美职业体育的发展差距较大。本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,结合2008年北京奥运会后我国职业体育的发展现状,从产业链控制、实现企业价值的方式、所涉及的业务和产品范围三个方面,对北美职业体育的经营模式进行了深入剖析,总结了其对2008年后我国职业体育发展的有益启示。  相似文献   

创建博客群学习共同体——统筹城乡体育教师专业发展新途径     

张世威  张伟  彭狂飙 《四川体育科学》2011,(1):146-149,153

学校体育的边缘化及城乡时空的阻隔和差异,农村体育教师专业发展受到极大的限制,城乡体育教师专业发展不协调。而基于学习共同体的建立有利于教师专业的发展,特别是随着当今网络技术环境下的博客的兴起,为城乡体育教师专业发展提供了良好的载体,为此提出利用博客群学习共同体统筹城乡体育教师专业发展的思想,为统筹发展我国城乡体育教师专业技能及学校体育建言献策。  相似文献   

试论职业联赛表演业产业链的构成要素特点     

王嵩  张超慧  丁建仁 《四川体育科学》2011,(2):33-36

随着我国提出从＂体育大国＂迈向＂体育强国＂的发展方针,联赛表演业的发展已成为引领我国迈向＂体育强国＂的关键之一。本文从联赛表演业的产业链视角出发,在找准其产业链构成要素的基础上,重点对产业链构成要素的特点进行分析,以求为联赛表演业产业链的良好运转提供理论依据。  相似文献   

试论图书馆业务流程再造的现实意义     

郑卫光 《图书馆工作与研究》2011,(10)

本文依据图书馆业务流程再造的新理论,结合图书馆的实际工作,提出了对图书馆业务流程的再造及对策,以提升图书馆业务管理的效率,提高图书馆的服务质量和服务水平。  相似文献   

Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country     

Marcus Antonius Ynalvez  Wesley M. Shrum 《Research Policy》2011,40(2):204-216

We test the hypothesis that scientific collaboration is associated with increased publication productivity. We differentiate our approach from other studies by (a) incorporating professional networks in the productivity model, (b) casting productivity and collaboration as distinct phenomena, and (c) examining these phenomena in the context of resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. We use survey data and employ negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that publication productivity is significantly linked to professional network factors, but there is no evidence of any association with scientific collaboration. We observe that most scientists collaborate in research projects despite coordination difficulties, and without any measurable impact on their productivity. Our interviews reveal that a possible answer to this puzzle appears to be rooted in a practice that views collaborative research projects not mainly as a means to producing knowledge and gaining recognition, but for acquiring professional opportunities and extrinsic rewards. Our findings suggest a new way of modeling publication productivity, with implications for science and innovation policy in both the developed and the developing world.  相似文献   

专业级非磁带高清摄像机的性能对比及应用     

曾程  林琳 《人天科学研究》2011,(10):140-141

高清摄像机作为高清电视节目制作的主要设备而备受人们关注。介绍了6种新型非磁带记录媒介,并对5种采用新记录媒介专业级高清摄像机的性能参数做了对比,探讨专业级非磁带高清摄像机在各领域高清节目制作中的应用。  相似文献   

CBA赛制改革与发展的思考     

霍治海 《西安体育学院学报》2011,28(6):680-682

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法等,对CBA赛制的发展变化的过程进行研究,分析其成因主要是由管理体制不畅、产权不清、法规体系不健全、球队实力不均衡、收入分配不合理、俱乐部经营状况不佳等因素影响的结果,并结合我国实际情况提出科学、规范化发展的对策。  相似文献