上海自行车短组运动员冬训过程监控及效果评价          下载免费PDF全文

戚雅茜  仰红慧  龚铭新 《体育科研》2014,(5):96-100

以训练中的实际需要为着眼点,对训练中运动员的生理生化指标、运动训练负荷以及运动生物力学等指标的变化进行分析和研究。在跟随上海自行车队短组运动员进行冬训的过程中,使用SRM系统、Wattbike功率车以及血细胞分析仪等仪器,跟踪采集自行车短组运动员冬训期间场地训练和功率车专项训练的各项数据,研究其变化规律,综合评价冬训的效果;使用BP神经网络方法,进一步挖掘训练过程的各项指标变化规律,并建立了冬训效果的BP神经网络预测模型。  相似文献   

复杂物质循环过程模拟方法与平台实现——以畜禽养殖系统磷循环为例     

盛虎  刘欣  芦昕雨  廖宇星  袁增伟 《资源科学》2021,43(3):465-476

物质循环是人类获取资源的重要方式,尤其是对于磷这种地球生物生存不可或缺、不可替代的资源,理解其循环过程对资源可持续利用乃至人类永续发展具有重要意义.目前关于物质循环的研究多采用物质流分析方法,该方法是一种以物质流动过程质量守恒为基础、以系统分析为手段的定量核算方法,需要将系统物质流动路径与核算模型融为一体.为了解决传统...  相似文献   

自行车骑行效率的影响因素研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

马国强  刘茂  唐琪 《体育科研》2016,(4):91-94，99

自行车骑行效率通常被定义为自行车骑行过程中一定氧耗和能耗水平下的功率输出,自行车骑行能力的增强,多伴随骑行效率的提高。性别、年龄、骨骼肌纤维类型的差异会对骑行效率产生不同影响;而自行车骑行过程中踏蹬技术、身体姿态,甚至运动器材的变化,则可通过改变踏蹬过程中骨骼肌发力和能耗影响骑行效率;专业自行车运动员的骑行效率与训练强度呈正相关关系,阶段性的肌力或专项训练可能通过提高做功和能量节省化促进骑行效率的。  相似文献   

The effect of torsional shoe sole stiffness on knee moment and gross efficiency in cycling     

Jared R. Fletcher  Michael J. Asmussen  Sandro R. Nigg  Brian R. MacIntosh  Benno M. Nigg 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1457-1463

Altering torsional stiffness of cycling shoe soles may be a novel approach to reducing knee joint moments and overuse injuries during cycling. We set out to determine if the magnitude of three-dimensional knee moments were different between cycling shoe soles with different torsional stiffnesses. Eight trained male cyclists cycled at 90% lactate threshold power output in one of two cycling shoe conditions in a randomized crossover design. The shoe sole was considered torsionally flexible (FLEX) compared to a relatively stiffer (STIFF) sole. Gross efficiency (GE) and knee joint moments were quantified. No significant effect of shoe condition was seen in GE (21.4 ± 1.1% and 20.9 ± 1.6% for FLEX and STIFF, respectively, P = 0.12), nor in three-dimensional knee moments. 4 of the 8 subjects had reduced knee moments in at least 2 of the 3 moment directions. These “responders” were significantly shorter (1.73 ± 0.02 m vs 1.81 ± 0.04 m, P = 0.017) and had a higher relative maximal aerobic power (MAP) (4.6 ± 0.3 W?kg-1 vs 3.9 ± 0.3 W?kg-1, P = 0.024) compared to non-responders. These results suggest that certain shoe characteristics may influence certain individuals differently because these participants belong to different “functional groups”; certain individuals may respond positively to FLEX, while others may not. Further studies should test this proposed hypothesis.  相似文献   

Control,consent and complicity in the coaching of elite women’s cycling in Australia: a media analysis     

Chris Zehntner  Kerry R. McGannon  Jenny McMahon 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(5):520-532

The purpose of this study was to extend understanding of how athletes and coaches in a women’s cycling talent development and selection programme negotiate and normalise athlete abuse in the media. A thematic analysis of six online cycling magazine articles and their representations of the Australian women’s elite cycling development camp was analysed to explore athletic abuse and the (re)production of coaching practices using Bourdieusian theory. The findings revealed a link between the expression of coaching practice and the maltreatment of athletes. Analysis of these articles also revealed that athletes were complicit in the normalisation of coaching practices through the misrecognition of social power embedded in the coaching intervention. The representations by athletes within the articles contributed narratives related to the reproduction and proliferation of abusive coaching practices. This study extends understanding of how taken for granted and power laden aspects of coaching practices can be presented in the media and highlights the implications for coaches, athletes and the general public that consume online cycling media content.  相似文献   

澳门花式单车运动现状与发展对策的研究     

卢永明 《西安体育学院学报》1999,(4)

花式单车是澳门发展的新兴项目之一,目前,已能达到亚洲水平,此项运动在澳门极具发展潜力。为了找出发展该项目的优势,为进一步提高澳门花式单车运动水平,笔者认为,应将其列入学界竞赛计划以比赛促进普及与提高;注意科学选材,将身体条件好的运动员集中试训,以缩短训练周期,提高成材率。  相似文献   

低氧条件下的冲刺训练对运动员生理生化指标的影响*     

宋名芳  谭小丰 《广州体育学院学报》2016,(3):98-100

目的:研究低氧条件下的冲刺训练对运动员身体内葡萄糖、胰岛素、游离脂肪酸以及乳酸应激条件下的影响.方法:所有运动员都分别参加三组不同实验条件的训练,并且每组训练相隔7天.三组不同训练条件分别为:常氧压的冲刺运动(N组);中等缺氧的冲刺运动(M组);高度缺氧的冲刺运动(H组).每组冲刺运动都在功率自行车上进行,每组运动为4次为时30s的冲刺运动,阻力都为10档,并辅以教练口头激励,每次冲刺运动后恢复6min,并记录每次运动员产生的最高功率以及平均功率.两种不同的低氧条件由低氧面具提供.训练后,分别在运动前抽取血液1次,以及在4次运动完成后5 min,30min,60min,120min各取一次,并检测各项指标.结果:1.常氧压组与两组低氧压组相比,血细胞中的葡萄糖含量没有明显的差异,但是,与没有进入运动开始前相比较,冲刺运动后的5min内葡萄糖含量上升显著.2.只有在冲刺运动完成后2h后,体内脂肪酸含量才显著上升,并且与常氧压组和中等低氧压组相比较,高度缺氧组的游离脂肪酸上升更为明显,且与这两组差异显著.3.与运动开始前相比,运动后5min、30min、60min内体内乳酸含量高,且具有显著差异.但在120min后差异消失.4.运动结束后5min时体内胰岛素含量较高,且与开始运动前和运动结束后其他三个时间段相比,具有显著差异.  相似文献   

Comparison of ergometer- and track-based testing in junior track-sprint cyclists. Implications for talent identification and development     

Paul J. Tofari  Stuart J. Cormack  Tammie R. Ebert  A. Scott Gardner  Justin G. Kemp 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(19):1947-1953

Talent identification (TID) and talent development (TDE) programmes in track sprint cycling use ergometer- and track-based tests to select junior athletes and assess their development. The purpose of this study was to assess which tests are best at monitoring TID and TDE. Ten male participants (16.2 ± 1.1 year; 178.5 ± 6.0 cm and 73.6 ± 7.6 kg) were selected into the national TID squad based on initial testing. These tests consisted of two 6-s maximal sprints on a custom-built ergometer and 4 maximal track-based tests (2 rolling and 2 standing starts) using 2 gear ratios. Magnitude-based inferences and correlation coefficients assessed changes following a 3-month TDE programme. Training elicited meaningful improvements (80–100% likely) in all ergometer parameters. The standing and rolling small gear, track-based effort times were likely and very likely (3.2 ± 2.4% and 3.3 ± 1.9%, respectively) improved by training. Stronger correlations between ergometer- and track-based measures were very likely following training. Ergometer-based testing provides a more sensitive tool than track-based testing to monitor changes in neuromuscular function during the early stages of TDE. However, track-based testing can indicate skill-based improvements in performance when interpreted with ergometer testing. In combination, these tests provide information on overall talent development.  相似文献   

场地自行车运动员踏蹬动作肌电研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁鹏  刘伟民  吴翠娥  武桂新 《体育与科学》2008,29(6)

为从神经肌肉协调角度研究场地自行车运动员踏蹬动作技术特征,本文结合场地4km专项特点,研究10名场地自行车运动员在500w负荷下以100rpm、120rpm、130rpm、140rpm四种频率稳态骑行时下肢7块肌肉的EMG信号及四组单、双关节拮抗肌协调的变化规律。结果表明,更高踏蹬频率下RF活动显著提前至上提末段,TDC处平滑过渡另有机制。VL和GAS活动区域显著增大。TA突出表现为双峰模式,前峰在协调GAS传递能量和防止VM功能加强引起的膝关节过伸方面起重要作用。更高频率下RF与GM间拮抗机制表现为相反改变,BF/VL始终保持正相关,有助于下踏阶段膝-髋间的净能量传递。VL与GAS间显著负相关保证了近端环节至曲柄的高效传递,TA与GAS间显著负相关侧面证实TA双峰的重要意义。研究提示,专项频率(130-140rpm)下踏蹬动作有其特征的肌肉协调变化。  相似文献   

一公里自行车计时赛能量供应及训练方法分析     

迟海玲  陈桂林 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(2):41-42

本文对自行车一公里计时赛项目的能量供应特点进行了分析,对影响该项成绩的主要因素：速度、耐力、爆发力、速度耐力的训练方法进行介绍,以期为1km自行车运动员提高运动成绩提供合理的科学依据。  相似文献