高师对师范生教学能力培养的个性追求     

杨泉良 《湖南第一师范学报》2015,(2)

高师对师范生教育教学实践能力的培养是能力素养的核心内容。它与知识素养和情意素养共同构成了教师从业需求的三大板块，在高师人才培养中占有十分重要的地位。而培养个性化的能力，既是高师因人施教的具体内容，也是专业知识进行个性化理解和接受中理论与实际统一的要求，还是教师从业中的情境性对实施者能力的规范。因此，对师范生进行个性化实践能力的培养具有特殊意义。  相似文献   

Learning executive function skills by playing focused video games     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2017

The objective of the present study was to determine whether it is possible to design a video game that could help students improve their executive function skill of shifting between competing tasks and the conditions under which playing the game would lead to improvements on cognitive tests of shifting. College students played a custom video game, Alien Game, which required the executive function skill of shifting between competing tasks. When students played for 2 h over 4 sessions they developed significantly better performance on cognitive shifting tests compared to a control group that played a different game (d = 0.62), but not when they played for 1 h over 2 sessions. Students who played Alien Game at a high level of challenge (i.e., reaching a high level in the game) developed significantly better performance on cognitive shifting tests compared to controls when they played for 2 h (Experiment 1, d = 1.44), but not when they played for 1 h (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 1 using an inactive control group, showing that playing Alien Game for 2 h resulted in significant improvements in shifting skills (d = 0.78). Results show the effectiveness of playing a custom-made game that focuses on a specific executive function skill for sufficient time at an appropriate level of challenge. Results support the specific transfer of general skills theory, in which practice of a cognitive skill in a game context transferred to performance on the same skill in a non-game context.  相似文献   

Guiding Low Spatial Ability Individuals through Visual Cueing: The Dual Importance of Where and When to Look     

Victoria A. Roach  Graham M. Fraser  James H. Kryklywy  Derek G.V. Mitchell  Timothy D. Wilson 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(1):32-42

Research suggests that spatial ability may predict success in complex disciplines including anatomy, where mastery requires a firm understanding of the intricate relationships occurring along the course of veins, arteries, and nerves, as they traverse through and around bones, muscles, and organs. Debate exists on the malleability of spatial ability, and some suggest that spatial ability can be enhanced through training. It is hypothesized that spatial ability can be trained in low-performing individuals through visual guidance. To address this, training was completed through a visual guidance protocol. This protocol was based on eye-movement patterns of high-performing individuals, collected via eye-tracking as they completed an Electronic Mental Rotations Test (EMRT). The effects of guidance were evaluated using 33 individuals with low mental rotation ability, in a counterbalanced crossover design. Individuals were placed in one of two treatment groups (late or early guidance) and completed both a guided, and an unguided EMRT. A third group (no guidance/control) completed two unguided EMRTs. All groups demonstrated an increase in EMRT scores on their second test (P < 0.001); however, an interaction was observed between treatment and test iteration (P = 0.024). The effect of guidance on scores was contingent on when the guidance was applied. When guidance was applied early, scores were significantly greater than expected (P = 0.028). These findings suggest that by guiding individuals with low mental rotation ability “where” to look early in training, better search approaches may be adopted, yielding improvements in spatial reasoning scores. It is proposed that visual guidance may be applied in spatial fields, such as STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine), surgery, and anatomy to improve student's interpretation of visual content. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

情报学取向的“数据科学与大数据技术”专业人才培养     

陈沫  李广建  陈聪聪 《图书情报工作》2019,63(12):5-11

[目的/意义]情报学作为计算性较强的人文社科学科，具备数据科学的特点，大数据相关技术能为情报学提供有效手段，因此，设立情报学取向的"数据科学与大数据技术"专业，培养具有大数据思维和扎实的情报学专业基础、掌握大数据处理技术及分析理论、并能将其应用于情报学理论与实践的复合型人才，能够促进情报学学科发展。[方法/过程]对国内外大数据相关专业的培养目标和课程设置模式进行调研，总结学科教育发展特色，结合国内的教学资源情况，设计情报学取向的大数据专业人才培养计划。[结果/结论]情报学与大数据既有联系又有不同，情报学为大数据提供了基础研究方法，促进了多源数据融合，拓宽了大数据的应用领域；大数据为情报学研究提供了更多的可能性、丰富了研究方法，提升了研究效率、扩大了研究范围。情报学取向的大数据与数据科学专业人才的培养，既有其必要性，又有其不可替代性。学科体系需进一步改革创新，设立更多紧密结合大数据与情报学专业的新兴课程，如文献大数据分析、用户大数据研究等，系统地培养学生将情报学领域知识与计算机技术和大数据技术融合创新的能力。  相似文献   

Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial     

Paulo Ricardo Pereira Dos Santos  Bruno Remígio Cavalcante  Andreya Karolyne Dos Santos Vieira  Marcos Duarte Guimarães  Antônio Marconi Leandro Da Silva  Anderson Da Costa Armstrong 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(17):1936-1942

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.  相似文献   

电机学精品在线开放课程校企合作初探     

肖金凤  徐祖华  邓攀 《中国教育技术装备》2020,(4):50-52

工程教育专业认证背景下,电机学省级精品在线开放课程注重校企合作,收集丰富的生产现场教学资源,聘请企业专家录制教学视频,开展网上讨论、网上直播课等。下阶段校企合作重点是编写理论和实践教材、共建电机科技活动实训室、企业专家指导网上PBL项目、指导学生选取企业真题申报大创项目。  相似文献   

定向行走课程与教学专业能力研究     

杞昭安 《现代特殊教育》2020,(2):26-37

从感觉训练、概念发展、行动技能、定向系统、求助技能、安全议题、小区资源与大众运输系统七个方面选取50项能力指标,对海峡两岸64名担任定向行走课程的教师进行问卷调查。调查结果显示:大多数被调查者认可这50项能力指标;定向行走教师对自己的课程与教学专业能力认可度多为中等,需要进一步作培训。同时发现,在定向行走课程与专业能力各向度的重要程度上,海峡两岸定向行走教师的认知有显著差异,各向度胜任程度的差异更加明显;而定向行走教师的年龄对定向行走课程与教学专业能力在重要程度和胜任程度上并没有显著差异;海峡两岸担任定向行走课程的教师,多数认为有培训的必要。建议将重要性在3.5以上的题目编制为《定向行走专业能力检核表》;将定向行走专业能力胜任程度在3.5以下的向度作为定向行走师资培训的参考。  相似文献   

Green inclusion: biophilia as a necessity     

Alexandros Stavrianos 《British Journal of Special Education》2016,43(4):416-429

This article argues that there is a strong link between the pedagogy for inclusion and the pedagogy of environmental education and tries to identify any benefits that could be acquired by pupils when the school system tries to use environmental educational programmes to promote inclusion. The idea of promoting a school yard into a school garden is given as an example. The article suggests that outdoor education experiences can facilitate positive development of self‐esteem, peer to peer socialisation as well as teacher–student relationships and a positive attitude towards school. One might conclude that the rationale behind environmental education has much to offer to all of our pupils.  相似文献   

Community implementation outcomes of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up     

《Child abuse & neglect》2016

Bringing evidence-based treatments to community practice is a critical challenge for the field. When implemented in the community, evidence-based treatments often fail to provide the benefits shown in laboratory settings. Therefore, when evidence-based treatments are transported to the community, it is essential to investigate implementation process and outcomes. The present study assessed whether Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), an intervention for high-risk parents that has been shown to be efficacious in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), changed parent behavior in a community-based setting. This study examined data collected from 78 cases by 9 parent coaches in a diverse community setting in Hawaii, and compared data to benchmarks from RCTs. Parent coach fidelity was coded from intervention session video clips, and was also compared with benchmarks. Caregivers participating in ABC were primarily birth parents, and most were referred through Child Protective Services involvement or for reasons of harsh parenting or neglect. Parental behavior was assessed before and after intervention using a semi-structured play task. Increases in parental following the lead and delight, and decreases in parental intrusiveness, were observed; these changes were comparable to effect sizes observed in RCTs. Intent to treat analyses were conducted using behavioral data from videotaped sessions, and suggested that ABC also improved following the lead in parents who subsequently dropped out of treatment. These results support the viability of ABC for enhancing parenting behavior among parents at high risk for maltreatment, and demonstrate that parent coaches in community agencies can successfully implement ABC.  相似文献   

对“训练周期”理论的重新审视     

王士赵 《南宁师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(3)

马特维耶夫的“训练周期”理论应属于训练的指导思想，而不是具体的训练方案。竞技状态和训练安排出现的周期性，是科学的规律，训练中必须遵循。但“训练周期”理论不能作为具体的训练安排，由于运动训练受许多因素的制约，其任何一种因素发生变化，必然导致整个训练过程实施周期发生改变。因此，必须依据训练的实际变化适时对训练周期进行适当的调节，同时，周期的划分和具体的训练方法应该依项目特点等情况来安排。  相似文献