体育锻炼对改善中老年体质的研究     

徐海鹰 《鞍山师范学院学报》2010,12(2):84-87

为了提高老年人的生活质量,减轻国家负担,本文就提高老年人体质等方面查阅大量文献进行了研究,望对我国广大的中老年人提供帮助．  相似文献   

体能主导类耐力性项群运动性疲劳特征与消除措施的研究     

吴鹤群  吴琳 《鞍山师范学院学报》2010,12(2):66-70

从能量代谢的视角分析体能主导类耐力性项群疲劳的特征,指出能源物质的消耗、代谢产物乳酸堆积和pH下降、体液减少和无机盐丢失是该项群发生疲劳的主要原因,并针对性地提出疲劳恢复的主要措施．体能主导类耐力性项群的训练和比赛由于运动强度、运动时间的不同,产生疲劳的机制也不尽相同,只有真正了解体能主导类耐力性项群疲劳产生的原因,才能正确、有针对性地消除运动性疲劳,提高运动成绩．  相似文献   

中、小强度的健美操和跑步锻炼缓解女大学生抑郁情绪的实验研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王霞  颜军 《武汉体育学院学报》2006,40(10):69-73

主要针对有抑郁倾向的女大学生这一群体，初步探讨以中、小强度健美操和跑步锻炼为干预手段对缓解女大学生抑郁情绪的效果。实验结果显示：中、小强度的跑步与健美操锻炼对女大学生的抑郁情绪具有干预作用，对抑郁情绪状况的改善效果非常显著。  相似文献   

基于能值分析的资源型城市新陈代谢水平评价——以石嘴山市为例     

黄永斌  董锁成  李泽红 《资源科学》2015,37(8):1621-1628

城市新陈代谢注重分析城市资源与能源流动过程,这为探讨资源型城市可持续发展提供了新的视角。文章以石嘴山市为例,运用能值分析方法核算2000-2013年石嘴山市各能值组成部分,通过构建代谢通量、代谢结构、能值货币比、代谢密度、代谢强度和代谢效率等指标评价石嘴山市新陈代谢水平,继而为石嘴山可持续发展提供政策建议。研究发现,石嘴山市代谢通量不断提高,但其增长率逐年降低;虽对外界环境的依赖程度逐渐提高,但当前城市经济发展仍高度依赖于不可更新资源的大量消耗;石嘴山市能值货币比逐渐下降,城市开发程度不断加大,但石嘴山市人均能值占用增长速度逐渐减少,能值利用上存在巨大的浪费,集约化程度较低,且土地经济投入粗放不紧凑,代谢强度和代谢密度难以提高;城市经济效率持续下降,而资源效率与环境效率并未得到有效的提升,这导致石嘴山市代谢效率不断下降。最后从产业转型升级、循环经济与城市土地合理利用三个角度,对提高石嘴山市城市新陈代谢机能提出建议。  相似文献   

30 min of treadmill walking at self-selected speed does not increase gait variability in independent elderly     

Emmanuel S. Da Rocha  Marcos R. Kunzler  Maarten F. Bobbert  Jacques Duysens 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1305-1311

Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of peers in delivering programs or motivating older people to increase their participation in physical activity: Systematic review and meta-analysis     

Elissa Burton  Kaela Farrier  Keith D. Hill  Jim Codde  Phil Airey  Anne-Marie Hill 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(6):666-678

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of peers to deliver programs or encourage older people to be physically active and improve physical outcomes. Peer reviewed articles published in English between January 1976 and June 2016, retrieved from six databases according to the predefined inclusion criteria were included. Where possible results were pooled and meta-analyses conducted. Eighteen articles were included in the review, a total of 3,492 intervention participants, average age 66.5 years and 67.1% were female. Overall, study quality was medium to high. Interventions mainly included resistance, flexibility and cardiovascular training, however there was one aquatic exercise group. Eight studies were delivered by peers and five utilised peer support, which included advice and being positive but was not directly linked to an exercise intervention. While 16 of the 18 studies reported improvement in levels of physical activity and/or noted physical benefits by peer involvement, the meta-analyses findings supported the control groups for the six-minute-walk-test and the timed-up-and-go test. Findings from this review suggest exercise programs involving peers can promote and maintain adherence to exercise programs. However, results were inconclusive as to whether peers have a positive effect on improving older people’s physical function.  相似文献   

中国锻炼心理学研究演进的可视化分析     

戴圣婷  杨剑  刘伟  季浏 《武汉体育学院学报》2018,52(7):75-81

为了解中国锻炼心理学的研究现状,探究其演进路径与发展脉络,更好地发展我国的锻炼心理学,本研究借助CiteSpace Ⅲ软件对CNKI收录的1 335条中文文献信息进行可视化分析。研究结果表明,近20年来我国锻炼心理学研究起步较晚、发展较快,科研数量一直处于不断发展的上升趋势。研究热点主要包括体育锻炼、心理健康、锻炼动机、运动处方、抑郁;研究对象主要是青少年和老年人。研究前沿主要表现在体育锻炼行为、精神卫生、自我决定理论、干预性研究、执行功能和认知功能、中介作用和中介效应研究等方面,并从理论层面、方法层面、应用层面等多视角对锻炼心理学的未来发展趋势进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Factorial and convergent validity of the Exercise Identity Scale in a German adult sample     

Fabienne Ennigkeit  Frank Hänsel 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(4):343-355

The purpose of the present study was to examine the factorial and convergent validity of the German translation of the Exercise Identity Scale (EIS; Anderson & Cychosz, 1994). We introduce a bifactor model as a possible alternative to the previously discussed one- and two-factor models. Using an online study with 530 participants, our results suggest that the EIS should be considered a unidimensional measure. For this one-factor model, temporal invariance (time interval: 2 weeks) and invariance between men and women could be established. Relations to similar constructs were in the expected directions. We provide a psychometrically sound German version of the EIS, which demonstrated factorial and convergent validity in this study. The use of the scale in German samples is likely to advance research on exercise adoption and maintenance by integrating the exercise identity construct.  相似文献   

Compression garments and cerebral blood flow: Influence on cognitive and exercise performance     

Brittany A. Smale  Joseph M. Northey  Disa J. Smee  Nathan G. Versey 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(3):315-322

This study aimed to describe the effect of compression garments on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCA_v) in relation to cognitive and exercise performance whilst cycling. In a randomised-controlled-cross-over design, 15 well-trained male cyclists were recruited to participate in three identical trials wearing loose fitting shorts (control), low-grade, or medium-grade compression garments. The protocol involved four 8?min increments of cycling at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 85% maximal power output and a 4?km time-trial. Participants undertook a cognitive Stroop task at baseline and at the midpoint of each increment. MCA_v was monitored with Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and partial pressure of end-tidal CO₂ (P_etCO₂) were measured throughout. MCA_v, MAP, P_etCO₂, and reaction time of the complex Stroop task were influenced by exercise intensity, but not compression garments. Compression garments significantly affected cognitive accuracy in the complex Stroop task such that low-grade compression appeared to enhance cognitive accuracy in comparison to the control condition at the highest intensity (p?=?.010). Time-trial performance did not differ between the control (338.0?±?17.3 s), low-grade (338.7?±?18.7 s), or medium-grade (342.2?±?19.3 s) conditions (p?=?.114). Compression garments did not affect MCA_v during exercise or time-trial performance, but compression may be beneficial for improved cognitive accuracy during high-intensity exercise. Further research is required to elucidate the potential impact on cognitive performance.  相似文献   

Ergogenic effects of precooling with cold water immersion and ice ingestion: A meta-analysis     

Hui C. Choo  Kazunori Nosaka  Jeremiah J. Peiffer  Mohammed Ihsan  Chris R. Abbiss 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(2):170-181

This review evaluated the effects of precooling via cold water immersion (CWI) and ingestion of ice slurry/slushy or crushed ice (ICE) on endurance performance measures (e.g. time-to-exhaustion and time trials) and psychophysiological parameters (core [T_core] and skin [T_skin] temperatures, whole body sweat [WBS] response, heart rate [HR], thermal sensation [TS], and perceived exertion [RPE]). Twenty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the following criteria: (i) cooling was performed before exercise with ICE or CWI; (ii) exercise longer than 6?min was performed in ambient temperature ≥26°C; and (iii) crossover study design with a non-cooling passive control condition. CWI improved performance measures (weighted average effect size in Hedges’ g [95% confidence interval]?+?0.53 [0.28; 0.77]) and resulted in greater increase (ΔEX) in T_skin (+4.15 [3.1; 5.21]) during exercise, while lower peak T_core (?0.93 [?1.18; ?0.67]), WBS (?0.74 [?1.18; ?0.3]), and TS (?0.5 [?0.8; ?0.19]) were observed without concomitant changes in ΔEX-T_core (+0.19 [?0.22; 0.6]), peak T_skin (?0.67 [?1.52; 0.18]), peak HR (?0.14 [?0.38; 0.11]), and RPE (?0.14 [?0.39; 0.12]). ICE had no clear effect on performance measures (+0.2 [?0.07; 0.46]) but resulted in greater ΔEX-T_core (+1.02 [0.59; 1.45]) and ΔEX-T_skin (+0.34 [0.02; 0.67]) without concomitant changes in peak T_core (?0.1 [?0.48; 0.28]), peak T_skin (+0.1 [?0.22; 0.41]), peak HR (+0.08 [?0.19; 0.35]), WBS (?0.12 [?0.42; 0.18]), TS (?0.2 [?0.49; 0.1]), and RPE (?0.01 [?0.33; 0.31]). From both ergogenic and thermoregulatory perspectives, CWI may be more effective than ICE as a precooling treatment prior to exercise in the heat.  相似文献