运动员职业声望的社会学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐延辉  陈阳 《北京体育大学学报》2007,30(6):763-765

目的:了解运动员职业在辽宁省运动员群体和辽宁省社会公众心目中的地位.方法:采用文献综述和社会调查相结合的方法,在前人关于职业声望研究的基础上,设计出两套问卷,针对辽宁省运动员群体和辽宁省公众展开调查,所有调查数据输入微机汇总后,采用SPSS13.0 for Windows进行处理统计分析.结论:辽宁省运动员对其自身职业的评价高于辽宁省公众对运动员职业的评价.  相似文献   

对运动员服用兴奋剂行为的实证研究     

梁亚东  郑雷  刘冬 《安徽体育科技》2007,28(4):44-47

运用文献综述、专家访谈、问卷调查等方法对武汉体育学院等4所体育院校附属竞技体校和湖南、湖北、四川、北京等10个省、市的高校科研人员、教练员、领队及管理人员就运动员服用兴奋剂行为的方式、动机、现状、特征、发展趋势等进行实证研究,综合评价近来中国竞技体育反兴奋剂斗争的成效.  相似文献   

The influence of live- vs. video-model presentation on the early acquisition of a new complex coordination     

Léna Lhuisset  Eric Margnes 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2015,20(5):490-502

Background: Demonstration is a widely used method in sports teaching and coaching, based on the assumption that it is more beneficial than verbal instructions or trial-and-error methods for skill acquisition. Although in teaching/coaching situations, the demonstration is usually carried out in front of the learners, in a research context, it is most often presented via a video. However, a direct comparison between these two types of model has rarely been undertaken in a motor context.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of the observation of a live and a videomodel for the early acquisition of a complex judo movement.

Research Design: Participants observed either a live or a videomodel executing the task. After observation, they practised for three minutes taking five trials and then performed it for analysis. This procedure was repeated three times. The form and technique of each participant's execution were evaluated using a technical score.

Main results: The results indicated a significant improvement in the task execution by the end of the practice session. However, this improvement occurred only for the video-model group between the second and third blocks of practice.

Conclusions: The video demonstration seems more effective than the live one for the early acquisition of a completely new complex coordination. This may be due to the simplification of the visual information in the former condition because of its two-dimensionality. This simplification may allow the observer to identify the more key elements that would guide him/her for the subsequent performance of the task.  相似文献   

Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships     

Brian Hanley 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1189-1195

The aim of this study was to describe the pacing profiles and packing behaviour of athletes competing in the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Finishing and split times were collated for 491 men and 347 women across six championships. The mean speeds for each intermediate 5 km and end 1.1 km segments were calculated, and athletes grouped according to finishing time. The best men and women largely maintained their split speeds between 5 km and 15 km, whereas slower athletes had decreased speeds from 5 km onwards. Athletes were also classified by the type of packing behaviour in which they engaged. Those who ran in packs throughout the race had smaller decreases in pace than those who did not, or who managed to do so only to 5 km. While some athletes’ reduced speeds from 15 to 20 km might have been caused by fatigue, it was also possibly a tactic to aid a fast finish that was particularly beneficial to medallists. Those athletes who ran with the same competitors throughout sped up most during the finish. Athletes are advised to identify rivals likely to have similar abilities and ambitions and run with them as part of their pre-race strategy.  相似文献   

山西省优秀运动员职业生涯规划管理特征研究     

赵俊杰  郑旗 《湖北体育科技》2015,(4):311-314

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对山西省优秀运动员个人职业生涯规划管理与组织及其实施的职业生涯规划管理进行调查,结果显示:优秀运动员自我职业生涯管理总体表现良好,但需加强文化与专业知识学习;不同性别运动员对组织实施职业生涯规划评价无显著差异;不同级别运动员和不同学历运动员对组织实施职业生涯规划评价差异明显。建议:组织管理部门应尽早对运动员进行思想动员,帮助运动员认识自身优、劣势;应持续提高运动员自身文化水平和个人运动技能水平,缩小不同运动等级、不同学历运动员对于职业生涯管理的认识差距。  相似文献   

运动员稀氧区域训练对肌肉纤维耐久力的影响     

王刚  吴波 《科技通报》2014,(9)

目的:研究运动员稀氧区域训练对肌肉纤维耐久力的影响。方法:分析18名运动员在常氧和高原低氧(模拟海拔4500 m递增负荷运动时,低氧通气反应速率、最大摄氧量以及最大耐力持续时间三个肌肉纤维耐久力评估指标的变化情况。结果:高原低氧训练时运动员低氧通气速率和最大耐力持续时间显著高于常氧对应值,高原低氧训练时,运动员最大摄氧量低于常氧对照组。高原低氧训练组,运动员在4个不同功率等级低氧通气速率,均高于常氧对应值,低氧通气速率在50%、75%以及100%最大功率时显著高于常氧对应值,最大摄氧量在各相对功率等级中,无显著性差异。运动员的低氧通气反应速率在高原低氧训练组至75%最大功率阶段降低,在75%至100%最大功率阶段基本保持平稳上升,不同相对强度下低氧训练组运动员最大摄氧量较常氧对应值显著降低。结论:高原运动训练下运动员肌肉纤维耐久力增强,疲劳时间降低,可提高运动员的运动能力。  相似文献   

运动员跨国流动的国家边界问题：在荣誉外包与民族情绪之间     

黄璐 《成都体育学院学报》2014,(11)

以欧洲足球五大联赛外籍球员的全球招募为标志的人力资源外包服务,不仅推动了当地体育赛事经济的发展,同时在人的主体性层面上具有更多的文化表征涵义。运动员跨国流动中荣誉外包行为引发了广泛的社会争议,民族情绪从中扮演了重要的角色。荣誉外包与民族情绪问题的化解取决于国家边界意识能动性所能发挥的作用,或者更具体地说是一个国家、一个民族、一个机构、一个群体、一个人如何理解这样一种全球变革的背景和趋势。  相似文献   

基于增能理论的我国运动员退役安置研究     

廖文豪 《吉林体育学院学报》2014,(6):20-24

经济体制改革,使得我国运动员退役安置困难重重,其问题的核心在于运动员自身权能不足,难以适应市场的激励竞争。退役运动员的失能分析可以从个体层面、人际关系层面以及社会参与层面进行分析。而帮助运动员自我增能需要结合个体主动增能和外力推动增能两种模式。具体包括树立自主择业的理念、加强人际互动和社会参与、完善教育和就业培训、社工的介入、提高运动员的职业化以及出台政策提供支持等。  相似文献   

皮划艇运动员冬训水上多级递增负荷测试分析     

何晓玲 《湖北体育科技》2014,(9):811-813

通过实验法等研究方法对某省皮划艇队6名运动员进行冬季水上多级递增负荷测试,对测试结果进行了统计分析,研究认为该队的基本能力和专项技术还有待提高,并提出了改进的建议。  相似文献   

对全运会太极拳运动员多维竞赛状态焦虑的调查研究     

郭野 《搏击·武术科学》2014,11(10):66-69

文章运用马腾斯的CSAI-2问卷,对参加第十二届全运会武术套路比赛中太极拳男女运动员的竞赛状态焦虑水平进行测试。旨在探讨在国内最高级别的武术赛事中,高水平太极拳运动员多维竞赛状态焦虑的影响因素及其与比赛成绩的关系。  相似文献