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运用力学和流体力学原理对踢静止球、运动中球和弧线球的分析,目的在于深入了解脚背内侧踢球的技术特点、技术结构、技术要素之间的关系,从而找出其内在规律性,为运动训练和体育科学化研究提供理论依据. 相似文献
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Heidi Orloff Bryce Sumida Janna Chow Lalae Habibi Aaron Fujino Brian Kramer 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):238-247
The players' ability to achieve the greatest distance in kicking is determined by their efficiency in transferring kinetic energy from the body to the ball. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics and kinematics of the plant leg position between male and female collegiate soccer players during instep kicking. Twenty-three soccer players (11 males and 12 females) were filmed in both the sagittal and posterior views while performing a maximal instep kick. Plant leg kinetic data were also collected using an AMTI 1000 force platform. There were no significant differences between the sexes in plant leg position, but females had significantly greater trunk lean, plant leg angle, and medial-lateral ground reaction force than the males. Males showed higher vertical ground reaction forces at ball contact, but there were no significant differences in ball speed at take-off between the sexes. Ball speed at take-off was inversely related to peak anterior–posterior ground reaction force ( ? 0.65). The anatomical differences between the sexes were reflected in greater trunk lean and lower leg angle in the females. 相似文献
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James C. A. Peacock Kevin Ball 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(6):608-621
In football, kicking with high ball velocity can increase scoring opportunities and reduce the likelihood of interception. Efficient energy transfer from foot to ball during impact is important to attain a high ball velocity. It is considered impact efficiency can be increased by reducing the change in ankle plantarflexion during foot–ball impact. However, conflicting evidence exists, questioning its effectiveness as a coaching cue. The aim of the present study was to systematically analyse joint stiffness, foot velocity and impact location with a mechanical kicking machine to determine if change in ankle plantarflexion during foot–ball impact and ball velocity are influenced. Sagittal plane data of the shank, foot and ball were measured using high-speed video (4,000 Hz). Increasing joint stiffness reduced change in ankle plantarflexion and increased ball velocity from a greater effective mass. Increasing foot velocity increased change in ankle plantarflexion and increased ball velocity. Distal impact locations increased change in ankle plantarflexion and reduced ball velocity as coefficient of restitution decreased. These results identify that change in ankle plantarflexion is a dependent variable during foot–ball impact and does not directly influence ball velocity. Coaches can assess ankle motion during impact to provide feedback to athletes on their impact efficiency. 相似文献
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短道速度滑冰技术动作分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对运动员的比赛动作进行了运动生物力学分析 ,得知在弯道弧顶 7m长的距离内 ,在高速滑跑的情况下 ,所有运动员都没有完整的单步 ,多数运动员以右单支撑进入该区域 ,以双支撑离开该区域。从身体姿势看 ,蹲屈姿势低 ,上体姿势高。所有运动员都以较低的上体姿势进入弧顶段而以较高姿势离开。身体倾角和蹬冰角越小 ,滑速越快。从弯道弧顶段的平均速度来看 ,女运动员 5 0 0 m的平均速度比 10 0 0 m要快 ,单支撑蹬冰阶段的平均速度比双支撑蹬冰阶段快 ,单支撑阶段的纵向蹬冰是弯道增速的主要动力来源。双支撑阶段的侧蹬冰仍是提高弯道速度的重要手段。双支撑阶段浮腿着冰较早 ,而蹬冰腿迟迟不进行侧蹬冰是导致速度下降的主要原因 相似文献
25.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):799-805
AbstractAchieving a high ball velocity is important during soccer shooting, as it gives the goalkeeper less time to react, thus improving a player's chance of scoring. This study aimed to identify important technical aspects of kicking linked to the generation of ball velocity using regression analyses. Maximal instep kicks were obtained from 22 academy-level soccer players using a 10-camera motion capture system sampling at 500 Hz. Three-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremity segments were obtained. Regression analysis was used to identify the kinematic parameters associated with the development of ball velocity. A single biomechanical parameter; knee extension velocity of the kicking limb at ball contact Adjusted R2 = 0.39, p ≤ 0.01 was obtained as a significant predictor of ball-velocity. This study suggests that sagittal plane knee extension velocity is the strongest contributor to ball velocity and potentially overall kicking performance. It is conceivable therefore that players may benefit from exposure to coaching and strength techniques geared towards the improvement of knee extension angular velocity as highlighted in this study. 相似文献
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汪明伟 《乐山师范学院学报》2002,17(4):113-114
本论述排球训练比赛中，排球脚击球的历史来源和发展以及在排球比赛中，运动员采用脚击球有很多技术优势。 相似文献
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Athanasios Katis Eleftherios Kellis Adrian Lees 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):287-299
Soccer kicking training should be adjusted to the characteristics of the athletes. Therefore, examination of differences in kicking kinematics of females and pubertal players relative to males is worthwhile. The purpose of the study was to compare kicking kinematics and segmental sequence parameters between male, female, and pubertal players. Ten adult male, ten adult female, and ten male pubertal players participated in the study. Participants performed five consecutive kicking trials of a stationary ball, as powerful as they could. Analysis of variance showed significantly higher ball velocity, higher joint linear velocities for the knee and the hip, and higher angular velocities of the knee and the ankle for males compared to female and pubertal players (p < 0.05). Similarly, the peak joint velocity was achieved significantly closer to ball impact in males compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Males also showed a more plantarflexed ankle immediately before ball impact (p < 0.05). Females and pubertal players may benefit from skill training aiming to increase ankle plantarflexion and hip flexion prior to ball impact, and to adjust thigh and shank motion, such that the shank–foot segment travels through a higher range of motion and with a greater velocity. 相似文献
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侧踹腿在武术散打比赛和实战运用中的威力极大,是比赛中取胜的重要因素之一,文章从人体解剖学和运动生物力学原理的角度出发对优秀散打运动员侧踹腿的技术进行分析研究,得出普遍规律性,以期为侧踹腿的教学和训练提供一定的理论参考依据。 相似文献
30.
构建大力踢球的生物力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
臧秋华 《吉林体育学院学报》2004,20(1):66-67
大力踢球的动作在足球运动中起着重要的作用，脚和球之间相互作用的力学基础是动量守恒定律，决定打击动量的基本因素是打击质量和打击速度。通过对影响打击质量和打击速度因素的分析，揭示了大力踢球动作的生物力学机制，为运动实践提供理论依据。 相似文献