国内优秀男子跳板跳水运动员起跳技术的运动学分析     

郭梁  邹亮畴 《天津体育学院学报》2010,25(2):158-161

目的:进一步探讨立定跳板跳水起跳技术的生物力学规律.方法:采用影像分析法、数理统计法等方法,对何冲等7 gila优秀男子跳板跳水运动员起跳缓冲技术进行运动学分析.结果:与其他6名运动员相比.何冲缓冲时间最长(0.08 s),蹬伸压板时间最短(0.2 s),压板末肩关节角度最大141°.结论:髋、膝、踝在缓冲末较小的关节角度可以增加身体重心下降的高度,有利于压板;相关肌群肌肉力量是影响缓冲能力和蹬伸速度的决定因素.  相似文献   

短跑途中跑支撑阶段影响水平速度因素的运动学分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈士达  李群 《体育科研》2010,31(6):61-64

运用激光测速系统、运动学分析系统以及多参数同步触发系统,在上海2名优秀短跑运动员的100 m跑训练过程中进行测试,将运动员100 m途中跑支撑阶段的运动学参数与人体运动的水平速度进行同步分析,来揭示短跑运动员100 m途中跑速度的变化规律,讨论和分析短跑运动员100 m途中跑支撑阶段的不同运动学参数的变化与人体速度的关系,为教练员和运动员提高短跑途中跑的速度和改进技术动作提供一定的数据参考和理论依据。  相似文献   

九运会男子百米途中跑技术分析     

虞玉华  郭俊人  卢伟华  韩甲 《天津体育学院学报》2003,18(2):35-37

通过对九运会中国男子百米跑优秀运动员途中跑的技术录像解析，分析所获得的速度、角速度、步频、步长、单步各时相等运动学参数的具体指标，并与国内外优秀百米跑选手作比较，结果认为，九运会男子百米途中跑速度较以往有了明显的提高，原因主要是步长的提高，但与国外优秀选手还有差距，主要原因是步长不足；中国百米跑运动员应减少腾空时间以增大身体重心位移的支撑与腾空时间比；九运会男子百米跑运动员的摆腿及摆臂技术差异较大，且摆臂时前摆不足后摆过大，使身体产生向前的动力不足。  相似文献   

Biomechanical differences of arm swing countermovement jumps on sand and rigid surface performed by elite beach volleyball players     

George Giatsis  Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos  Iraklis A. Kollias 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(9):997-1008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible arm swing effect on the biomechanical parameters of vertical counter movement jump due to differences of the compliance of the take-off surface. Fifteen elite male beach-volleyball players (26.2 ± 5.9 years; 1.87 ± 0.05 m; 83.4 ± 6.0 kg; mean ± standard deviation, respectively) performed counter movement jumps on sand and on a rigid surface with and without an arm swing. Results showed significant (p < .05) surface effects on the jump height, the ankle joint angle at the lowest height of the body center of mass and the ankle angular velocity. Also, significant arm swing effects were found on jump height, maximum power output, temporal parameters, range of motion and angular velocity of the hip. These findings could be attributed to the instability of the sand, which resulted in reduced peak power output due to the differences of body configuration at the lowest body position and lower limb joints’ range of motion. The combined effect of the backward arm swing and the recoil of the sand that resulted in decreased resistance at ankle plantar flexion should be controlled at the preparation of selected jumping tasks in beach-volleyball.  相似文献   

Utilization of cues in action anticipation in table tennis players     

Qi Zhao  Kyle J. Jaquess  Chenglin Zhou 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(23):2699-2705

ABSTRACT

By manipulating the congruency between body kinematics and subsequent ball trajectory, this study investigated the anticipation capabilities of regional-level, college-level, and novice table tennis players using a full video simulation occluder paradigm. Participants watched footage containing congruent, incongruent, or no ball trajectory information, to predict the landing point of the ball. They were required to choose between two potential locations to make their prediction. Percent accuracy and relevant indexes (d-prime, criterion, effect size) were calculated for each condition. Results indicated that experienced table tennis players (both regional and college players) were superior to novices in the ability to anticipate ball trajectory using kinematic information, but no difference was found between regional-level and college-level players. The findings of this study further demonstrate the superior anticipation ability of experienced table tennis players. Furthermore, the present result suggests that there may be a certain “baseline” level of motor experience in racquet sports for effective action anticipation, while the addition of further motor experience does not appear to assist direction anticipation.  相似文献   

Lower leg and foot contributions to turnout in female pre-professional dancers: A 3D kinematic analysis     

Sarah L. Carter  Rebekha Duncan  Andries L. Weidemann  Luke S. Hopper 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2217-2225

Turnout is a central element of classical ballet which involves sustained external rotation of the lower limbs during dance movements. Lower leg and foot compensation mechanisms which are often used to increase turnout have been attributed to the high incidence of lower limb injury in dancers. Evaluation of dancers’ leg posture is needed to provide insight into the lower limb kinematic strategies used to achieve turnout. The primary purpose of this study was to use 3D kinematic analyses to determine the lower leg and foot compensations that are incorporated by female university dancers to accentuate their turnout. Active and passive external tibiofemoral rotation (TFR) was also measured. A moderate-strong negative relationship was observed between hip external rotation (HER) and foot abduction in the three first position conditions. A moderate negative relationship was found between passive TFR and foot abduction in all first position conditions. Our findings suggest dancers are more likely to pronate, than rotate the knee to compensate for limited HER. Dancers with a limited capacity to pronate may force additional rotation via the knee. Ongoing research would benefit from more in-depth analyses of the foot/ankle complex using a multi-segment foot model.  相似文献   

上海女子自行车运动员冲刺骑行中的下肢运动学评价          下载免费PDF全文

何俊良  许以诚  马国强 《体育科研》2018,(2):87-90

对女子短距离自行车运动员45 s全力冲刺骑行进行下肢运动学分析,探讨不同水平运动员速度能力的特点,筛选可评价下肢踏蹬技术的运动学指标。使用三维红外运动捕捉系统及SRM自行车测功仪,采集上海自行车队4名女子短距离运动员场地车滚筒练习台上45 s全力冲刺骑行中的下肢运动学参数和踏频。结果表明,钟××速度能力较好,45 s全力冲刺骑行各阶段平均速度较高,但下肢踏蹬"圆滑度"还需进一步提高;顾××和姚××后程速度下降明显,速度耐力明显不足。在全力冲刺骑行后期,运动水平较高的运动员（钟××）踝关节活动度下降明显小于运动水平较低的运动员（顾××和姚××）,提示踝关节活动度下降是影响自行车短距离项目运动员速度耐力的因素之一。  相似文献   

Acute kinematics changes in marathon runners using different footwear     

Tania Socorro Amorim Soares  Federico Pizzuto  Rui Manuel Garganta  João Paulo Vila-Boas  Mario Casimiro da Anunciação Paiva 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):766-770

The effects of running with or without shoes on injury prevention have been extensively studied, and several investigations have assessed biomechanical differences between them. However, findings are not consensual and further insights on biomechanical load associated with differently shod or barefoot conditions may be needed. This study aimed to observe if habitually shod marathon runners show acute alterations when running barefoot or with minimalist shoes, and to determine whether the running kinematical adaptations of wearing minimalist shoes were similar to barefoot running. Twelve male marathon runners ran on the treadmill at their average marathon pace in different footwear conditions: habitual running shoes, minimalist shoes, and barefoot. High-resolution infrared cameras and visual 3D software were used to assess kinematic data. The following parameters were studied: foot strike angle, cycle time, stance time, normalized stride length, hip, knee, and ankle angular position at initial contact, and their respective range-of-motion (ROM) during stance phase. Contrary to the expectations, it was found that highly trained habitually shod elite marathon runners changed their lower limb kinematic pattern both when running barefoot or wearing minimalist shoes. Minimalist shoes showed a trend towards intermediate biomechanical effects between running with and without shoes.  相似文献   

国家优秀女子速滑运动员直道滑行中下肢功率情况分析     

王新  夏娇阳 《首都体育学院学报》2012,24(4):381-384

为了有效评价运动员下肢各环节在蹬冰过程中的贡献情况,借助爱捷三维录像解析系统和CY-BEXNORM等动测试装置获得国家健将级女子速滑运动员的运动学和动力学数据,并采用牛顿差值计算方法计算出与实际运动学数据相对应的关节力矩,在此基础上计算出下肢各环节在蹬冰时功率输出值。研究结果表明:髋关节在单支撑阶段适当伸展,有利于增加整个蹬冰阶段的大腿功率输出;高速度、大角度伸膝肌群肌力差,引起两人小腿峰值功率过早出现,减少双支撑蹬冰阶段功率输出;踝关节肌力不足,刻意展踝,加重了伸小腿肌力不足现象,减少小腿在整个蹬冰过程中的作用。  相似文献   

Bilateral inter-arm coordination in freestyle swimming: Effect of skill level and swimming speed     

Thomas Nikodelis  Iraklis Kollias  Vassilia Hatzitaki 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):737-745

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of level of skill and swimming speed on inter-limb coordination of freestyle swimming movements. Five elite (2 males, 3 females; age 18.9?±?1.0 years, height 1.71?±?0.04?m, body mass 62.1?±?7.0?kg) and seven novice (age 22.0?±?2.0 years, height 1.77?±?0.04?m, body mass 74.8?±?9.0?kg) swimmers swam a sprint and a self-paced 25?m freestyle trial. The swimming trials were recorded by four digital cameras operating at 50 Hz. The digitized frames underwent a three-dimensional direct linear transformation to yield the three-dimensional endpoint kinematic trajectories. The spatio-temporal relationship between the upper limbs was quantified by means of the peak amplitude and time lag of the cross-correlation function between the right and left arm's endpoint trajectories. A strong anti-phase coupling between the two arms, as confirmed by peak amplitudes greater than 0.8, was noted for both groups and swimming speeds. Significantly higher (P <?0.05) peak amplitudes were observed for the sprint compared with self-paced swimming. No significant differences in the strength of inter-limb coupling were noted between the elite and novice swimmers (P >?0.05). Time lags were very close to 0?ms and did not differ between groups or swimming speeds. We conclude that in freestyle swimming, the intrinsic anti-phase (180° phase difference) inter-limb relationship is strongly preserved despite the physically powerful environmental influence of the water and this “preferred” pattern is not affected by level of skill. In contrast, increasing movement speed results in stronger inter-limb coupling that is closer to the anti-phase inter-limb relationship.  相似文献