Changes in running endurance performance following intermittent altitude exposure simulated with tents     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):15-24

Abstract

The effect of intermittent hypoxia on sea-level endurance performance was assessed by using hypoxic tents to simulate the live high-train low approach to altitude training. Eleven male sub-elite competitive runners and triathletes participated in a crossover study of usual training (control) and usual training with altitude exposure (altitude). Altitude treatment consisted of 25±3?d (mean±SD) of sleeping in tents for 8.1±0.6?h.d^?1, progressing from a simulated altitude of 2500?m to 3500?m above sea level. Washout period between control and altitude treatments was 4?wk. Three treadmill runs to exhaustion lasting ～2, ～4 and ～8?min were completed 7 and 12?d after control and altitude treatments. Times for standard competition distances (800, 1500 and 3000?m), were predicted using a log-log model, improved by 1.0% (90% confidence limits, ±1.3%), 1.4% (±1.2%) and 1.9% (±1.5%), respectively. Improvements were greater in the six athletes with an I allele for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE): 2.3% (±1.5%), 2.2% (±1.5%), and 2.1%, (±2.1%), respectively. Effects of simulated altitude on hemoglobin concentration were unclear. Altitude exposure simulated with hypoxic tents is likely to enhance performance substantially in middle-distance endurance running events, especially for individuals with an I allele of the ACE gene.  相似文献   

Tracing the origins of athlete development models in sport: a citation path analysis     

《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):23-37

Reviews of the sport psychology literature have identified a number of models of athlete development in sport (Alfermann & Stambulova, 2007; Durand-Bush & Salmela, 2001). However, minimal research has investigated the origins of knowledge from which each model was developed. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the influential texts responsible for providing the basis of athlete development models in sport. A citation path analysis of the sport psychology literature was used to generate a knowledge development path of seven athlete development models in sport. The analysis identified influential texts and authors in the conceptualization of athlete development. The population of 229 texts (articles, books, book chapters) was selected in two phases. Phase 1 texts were articles citing seven articles depicting models of athlete development (n=75). Phase 2 included texts cited three or more times by Phase 1 articles (n=154). The analysis revealed how the scholarship of Benjamin Bloom (1985) has been integrated into the field of sport psychology, and how two articles appearing in 1993 and 2003 helped shape present conceptualizations of athlete development.  相似文献   

运动员精准选材与“表遗选育”跨尺度关联性研究          下载免费PDF全文

沈勋章 《体育科研》2019,(2):64-67

创新驱动是国家科技发展战略规划纲要。我国运动员科学选材要走人类表型、运动型和基因型跨尺度关联性研究之路，走运动员选材与青少年育才相结合之路，其创新研究结点就是精准选材。“表遗选育”跨尺度关联性研究正是创新我国精准选材崭新的技术平台。在运动项目特征框架下，深化表型组学研究与结合基因测序才能找到精准选材的关联性突破。文章就运动员科学选材如何突破瓶颈，搭乘人类表型组计划的东风，顺势而为、锐意进取，实现体育人才精准选育进行了探索。  相似文献   

Examining the impact of the Respect in Sport Parent Program on the psychosocial experiences of minor hockey athletes     

Katherine A. Tamminen  Carolyn E. McEwen  Gretchen Kerr  Peter Donnelly 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(17):2035-2045

ABSTRACT

Models of positive youth development suggest that athletes may be influenced by parent education programmes; however, there is little research examining the impact of such programmes on athlete outcomes. This study examined the impact of the Respect in Sport Parent Program on athlete outcomes among minor hockey players over three years. This study consisted of cross-sectional and longitudinal online surveys measuring athletes’ positive and negative developmental experiences, prosocial and antisocial behaviours, parental support and pressure, and sport enjoyment and commitment. Athletes completed at least one online survey during the study period (N = 366; 84.2% males; 14–19 years of age; M = 15.4 years), and 83 athletes completed multiple surveys for longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional results comparing athletes in leagues adopting the programme at different time points indicated significant differences in prosocial behaviours towards teammates. Multilevel longitudinal analyses revealed improvements in athletes’ antisocial behaviours towards opponents, initiative, goal setting, and cognitive skills over time, regardless of whether they were in a league that implemented the programme. However, athletes in leagues that implemented the programme during the study reported greater improvements in antisocial behaviours towards opponents, and there were trends with respect to improved personal and social skills. These findings provide suggestions to improve the delivery and impact of parent education programmes in youth sport.  相似文献   

北京奥运会女子铅球前8名运动员竞技表现分析     

蔡治东  金益  庞倩  陶于 《首都体育学院学报》2010,22(2)

对第29届北京奥运会女子铅球前8名运动员的基本情况、决赛前后3跳成绩、成功率等进行研究,分析女子铅球比赛的竞技表现特点,为选材、训练、比赛提供理论参考。结果表明:其平均身高约为183.4 cm,平均体重约为92 kg,平均克托莱指数为501.02,表现出较为合理的年龄、身体形态特征,24~29岁是女子铅球运动员展示最佳竞技能力的黄金期;及格赛成绩平均发挥率约为96%,决赛成绩平均发挥率约98%;及格赛成绩、决赛成绩呈现出群体竞技能力状态水平表现的极化现象;决赛出现最佳成绩的投次比较均匀,前3次试投的成功率高于后3次试投。  相似文献   

不同竞技能力体操运动员的非衡结构补偿研究     

曹永臻 《北京体育大学学报》2010,(3)

采用专家访谈法、问卷调查法、文献资料法和观察法,对不同优势能力类型体操运动员的非衡结构补偿问题进行了研究。研究结果表明:1)明确体操各单项竞技能力要素的功能大小是实施非衡结构补偿的必要前提。教练员应着眼于体操各单项运动技术与专项力量的协调,同时兼顾运动员柔韧素质的发展与形态指标的动态变化,突出对运动员翻转能力的培养,有针对性地对不同优势能力类型的体操运动员实施非衡结构补偿;2)以体操运动员上、下肢部位的力量优势能力为主线,并结合形态和柔韧素质的发展状况,对不同优势能力类型体操运动员实施非衡结构补偿至关重要。  相似文献   

奥林匹克运动中的技术异化现象探析     

郭兆霞  徐香喜 《河北体育学院学报》2010,24(6):5-7,39

以兴奋剂、基因技术、纳米技术等为切入点,对奥林匹克运动中的科技异化现象进行研究。认为高科技的异化表现为：奥林匹克运动中＂人＂的缺失,使公平竞争成为空谈,严重损害了运动员的身体健康等。其异化的根源是体育运动以人类自身为客体,使奥林匹克运动借助技术的力量,达到超越人类极限的目的,从而导致人们对运动本身的追求,逐渐地被对技术的追求所代替。  相似文献   

我国优秀短道速滑运动员比赛体能特征的研究     

马国东  洪伟 《吉林体育学院学报》2010,26(2):80-81

体能是运动员在训练中身体形态结构特征、机体机能水平和专项身体素质方面所具有的潜在能力,以及与外界环境结合所表现出来的综合运动能力。其中身体素质是体能最重要的外在表现形式,在运动时表现为力量、速度、耐力等。通过对我国优秀短道速滑运动员比赛时主要活动指标进行统计和分析,初步探讨运动员比赛时一些体能特征,力求总结先进的训练方法,找到实际训练中对体能训练的错误理解及体能训练中应改变的错误思想,为今后设计速滑队体能训练方案提供理论参考。  相似文献   

质疑与思考:运动生理学研究的十个问题     

汪军  周越  孙君志  于亮  徐玉明  张学林  张日辉  李顺昌  黄文英  夏志  赵广高  黎涌明  胡敏  田振军  苏全生  张勇  王瑞元 《成都体育学院学报》2021,(1):118-124

随着科学技术的发展和时代的进步,运动生理学也日新月异,一些老的议题也有了新的阐释和理解。本文就运动生理学发展过程中出现的一些经典议题给予了新的理解和梳理:肌纤维类型能否改变、延迟性肌肉酸痛的原因辨析、运动员心脏的争议和发展、肌肉因子在运动与免疫中的作用、最大摄氧量的限制因素之争、无氧阈出现的真正原因、疲劳的中枢和外周机制、衰老与肌萎缩、运动是良医等。最后,对当前运动生理学的历史发展机遇进行了阐述,认为当前运动生理学的发展更应该注重实践性以及运动中的人。文章期望为未来运动生理学的发展和科学研究提供新的思路。  相似文献   

新时期高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员综合素养的培养     

张宇 《冰雪运动》2012,(2):56-59

高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员的综合素养水平的高低是影响我国冰雪竞技体育水平的重要因素之一.对高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员综合素养进行深入探讨和研究,指出高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员的综合素养由政治思想素养、职业道德素养和人文素养等构成;提出进行爱国主义教育,树立正确的人生观、价值观;强化思想道德建设,提高运动员职业道德修养;树立学习意识,全方位提升运动员的人文素养等培养我国高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员综合素养的有效途径,为保证运动员拥有良好的竞技状态、延长运动寿命和冰雪竞技体育运动的可持续发展提供有力支持  相似文献