大脑是如何处理信息的——神经元及其模型的计算阐释     

尤洋  崔帅 《科学技术与辩证法》2014,(5):20-26

神经元作为神经系统的基本单元,提供了人类认知的基本信息功能处理机制。文章通过对神经元及其模型进行计算分析,指出了神经元内离子对刺激信息的反应,在此基础上阐释了误差驱动任务学习与BP学习法,最后文章对神经元的计算启示给出了解读。文章表明,脑认知是动态的表征,其非线性地处理认知现象,并指出计算神经科学在解读大脑处理信息上正在尝试突破,具有重要的研究意义和价值。  相似文献   

成就目标定向对选修篮球技能学习及自尊影响的实验研究     

雷明光  梁建秀 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(11):65-67

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,对成就目标定向对篮球技能学习的影响进行了研究,结果表明：高任务低自我的目标定向能有效地提高其教学效果和篮球技能水平。因此,教师应运用目标定向理论,建立合理的阶段目标成绩评定体系,对学生的任务目标定向进行正确的引导,建立合理的成绩考核体系,多鼓励学生设置任务定向的目标,营造一种高任务定向的气氛,把目标定向理论结合教学,提高学生的身体自尊,从而提高他们的学习效率,为以后的体育专业教学手段的多样化提供参考。  相似文献   

不同目标定向对锻炼自我效能的影响     

李勇  许昭  程静静  张继忠 《山东体育科技》2014,(4)

目标定向理论是社会认知理论之一,其研究主要集中于确定哪些行为因素会影响人的主观能力,这种主观能力又如何影响人的后继行为。目标定向理论将目标定向分为两类,一类是任务定向,即在完成一项任务的过程中,强调的重点是任务本身,自己和自己比较;一类是自我定向,考虑的主要是个人能力水平,自己和他人比。为了考查不同目标定向对锻炼自我效能的影响,本研究选取60名低体育活动者,按性别、目标定向干预内容分为4组,采用混合实验设计。因变量为锻炼自我效能,组间变量为不同目标定向（任务定向、自我定向）干预方式、性别,组内变量为时间间隔（每隔5分钟对被试实施目标定向干预）。研究结果显示：1）任务定向干预比目标定向干预有利于提高体育活动参与者的锻炼自我效能,并促进锻炼的参与性及坚持性;2）至少实施干预5次,才能显现干预效果;3）目标定向的干预效果不存在性别差异。  相似文献   

从任务型语言教学观论英语课堂教学设计     

虞晓向 《绥化学院学报》2005,25(5):165-167

文章首先通过对比分析在两种教学观指导下的英语教学实例阐述了任务型语言教学法的基本特征与内容,而后分析了这种新型教学方法对英语课堂教学的启示.  相似文献   

Using iPad tablets for self‐modeling with preschoolers: Videos versus photos          下载免费PDF全文

Dacia M. McCoy  Julie Q. Morrison  Dave W. Barnett  Hilary D. Kalra  Lauren K. Donovan 《Psychology in the schools》2017,54(8):821-836

As technology becomes more accessible and acceptable in the preschool setting, teachers need effective strategies of incorporating it to address challenging behaviors. A nonconcurrent delayed multiple baseline design in combination with an alternating treatment design was utilized to investigate the effects of using iPad tablets to display video self‐modeling and activity photos for three preschoolers during circle time. During baseline, all three children demonstrated low levels of engagement and high levels of off‐task behavior compared to peers. The intervention phase consisted of alternating between showing the child the self‐video and photos prior to circle time. A child preference phase was conducted whereby each child self‐selected the video or photo prior to circle time. For all three children both videos and photos led to increased engagement and decreased off‐task behaviors. During the child preference phase, all three children selected the video most frequently. Social validity data demonstrated teacher and child preference for the video self‐modeling condition.  相似文献   

信任对管理团队决策过程和结果影响实证研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郎淳刚  席酉民 《科学学与科学技术管理》2007,28(8):170-174

在回顾国外组织信任与团队冲突的文献基础上,提出研究假设,认为团队信任对团队决策绩效有正效应,对团队内的任务冲突和关系冲突具有直接的负效应,而且还具有减弱两种冲突正相关关系的作用。通过对156名企业管理人员的问卷调查和统计分析,验证了理论假设。  相似文献   

Optimization and Its Alternative in Media Choice: A Model of Reliance on Social-Influence Processes     

Bairj Donabedian Associate Professor 《The Information Society》2006,22(3):121-135

In the reconciliation of rational-choice and social-influence approaches to media choice offered here, the choice process is decomposed into two subprocesses. In the first subprocess—that of rational choice—decisional ambiguity frustrates complete optimization. Optimization is partial, yielding a set of effectively interchangeable media alternatives over which the user is indecisive. In the second subprocess—that of social influence—imitation, deference, and other cues act on the set of interchangeables, yielding a single ultimate choice. If in the social-influence subprocess there are benefits to coordinating with others, group choice crystallizes around a single media alternative. If these benefits are absent, individual choice remains idiosyncratic, with each decision maker making random choices within the set of interchangeables. In organizational life, media choice transpires sequentially, with each choice conditioning a succeeding one. In its dynamic form, the present model explicitly incorporates such sequential environments: The twofold choice process transpires iteratively within individual decision sites (in the multiple purchasing decisions of a committee, for example) and sequentially across decision sites (from committee to individual, for example). The model generates considerable empirical implications. As decisional ambiguity grows, the rational-choice component of the choice process shrinks, implying upper-bound conditions for the explanatory power of rational-choice statistical models.  相似文献   

组织支持认知与领导—成员交换对员工回报的影响实证研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴继红 《软科学》2006,20(5):63-66

根据组织支持认知(Perce ived O rgan izational Support)和领导—成员交换(LeaderM ember Exchange)的研究,员工既与组织也与主管建立了社会交换关系。在借鉴国内外的相关理论的基础上,通过100对主管和员工的问卷调查验证了企业员工的组织支持认知对他们的任务绩效、组织公民行为和组织承诺有正向的影响;而企业员工的领导—成员交换认知对他们的组织公民行为有正向的影响。  相似文献   

Trusting Virtual Trust   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paul?B.?de?LaatEmail author 《Ethics and Information Technology》2005,7(3):167-180

Can trust evolve on the Internet between virtual strangers? Recently, Pettit answered this question in the negative. Focusing on trust in the sense of ‘dynamic, interactive, and trusting’ reliance on other people, he distinguishes between two forms of trust: primary trust rests on the belief that the other is trustworthy, while the more subtle secondary kind of trust is premised on the belief that the other cherishes one’s esteem, and will, therefore, reply to an act of trust in kind (‘trust-responsiveness’). Based on this theory Pettit argues that trust between virtual strangers is impossible: they lack all evidence about one another, which prevents the imputation of trustworthiness and renders the reliance on trust-responsiveness ridiculous. I argue that this argument is flawed, both empirically and theoretically. In several virtual communities amazing acts of trust between pure virtuals have been observed. I propose that these can be explained as follows. On the one hand, social cues, reputation, reliance on third parties, and participation in (quasi-) institutions allow imputing trustworthiness to varying degrees. On the other, precisely trust-responsiveness is also relied upon, as a necessary supplement to primary trust. In virtual markets, esteem as a fair trader is coveted while it contributes to building up one’s reputation. In task groups, a hyperactive style of action may be adopted which amounts to assuming (not: inferring) trust. Trustors expect that their virtual co-workers will reply in kind while such an approach is to be considered the most appropriate in cyberspace. In non-task groups, finally, members often display intimacies while they are confident someone else ‘out there’ will return them. This is facilitated by the one-to-many, asynchronous mode of communication within mailing lists.  相似文献   

双元领导对新员工社会化适应与创新的双路径影响研究     

罗瑾琏  胡文安  钟竞 《科学学与科学技术管理》2016,(12):161-173

基于双元领导理论、创新理论和组织社会化理论,旨在探究双元领导对新员工社会化适应与创新的影响机制与边界条件。以354名企业新员工为调查对象,运用层次回归分析方法对概念模型进行检验。结果表明:(1)双元领导与新员工创新行为和任务绩效呈显著正相关;(2)角色宽度自我效能感在双元领导与新员工创新行为之间起部分中介作用;(3)角色清晰在双元领导与任务绩效之间起完全中介作用;(4)领导力对双元领导与角色宽度自我效能感和角色清晰之间的正向关系具有显著的强化效应。最后,对研究结果和研究意义进行了讨论并对未来研究做了展望。  相似文献