The big-fish-little-pond effect on academic self-concept and interest in first- and third-grade students     

《Learning and Instruction》2023

BackgroundThe big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) postulates that class-average achievement has a negative effect on students’ academic self-concept. Research examining the BFLPE with elementary school students is scarce, especially with first graders.AimsThis study examined the BFLPE of class-average achievement on academic self-concept and interest in the math domain with first and third graders.SampleParticipants were Luxembourgish first graders (N = 5057) and third graders (N = 4925).MethodsA multilevel, doubly latent approach was used to assess a BFLPE model containing achievement (as the predictor) and ASC and interest (as outcomes) in the math domain.ResultsThe BFLPE on math self-concept was supported in both grades, whereas the BFLPE on math interest was supported only for third graders. In both grades, larger effect sizes were observed for the BFLPE on math self-concept than on math interest.ConclusionOur results suggest that the social comparisons underlying the BFLPE play an important role in the formation of math self-concept in both grades, but they play a less substantial—and probably later—role in the formation of math interest in elementary school.  相似文献   

Scientific misbehavior in economics     

Sarah Necker 《Research Policy》2014

This study reports the results of a survey of professional, mostly academic economists about their research norms and scientific misbehavior. Behavior such as data fabrication or plagiarism are (almost) unanimously rejected and admitted by less than 4% of participants. Research practices that are often considered “questionable,” e.g., strategic behavior while analyzing results or in the publication process, are rejected by at least 60%. Despite their low justifiability, these behaviors are widespread. Ninety-four percent report having engaged in at least one unaccepted research practice. Surveyed economists perceive strong pressure to publish. The level of justifiability assigned to different misdemeanors does not increase with the perception of pressure. However, perceived pressure is found to be positively related to the admission of being involved in several unaccepted research practices. Although the results cannot prove causality, they are consistent with the notion that the “publish or perish” culture motivates researchers to violate research norms.  相似文献   

爱因斯坦:麦卡锡时期的自由斗士     

杜严勇 《科学文化评论》2014,11(4):51-62

20世纪50年代初,随着美国反共浪潮影响的增大,越来越多的知识分子受到了麦卡锡主义的迫害。爱因斯坦基于自己独立的道德判断力,公开发表言论支持与鼓励知识分子与麦卡锡主义作斗争,他的言行产生了广泛而深远的影响。本文论述了弗劳恩格拉斯事件、夏多维茨事件以及管子工事件等代表性事件的经过与影响,描述了这位著名科学家在那个特殊的历史时期表现出的不畏强权、敢于伸张正义的高尚品德。  相似文献   

教务信息查询系统设计与研究     

张玉 《科技广场》2014,(7):69-72

教务信息查询系统(Academic Information InquirySystem,简称AIIS),是针对学校教务处需要大量处理数据而开发的信息查询软件。在积极建立科学、高效的教务信息查询机制的今天,如果仅仅依靠原始的手工查询或简单的单机查询,那么,教务部门面对大量的信息时,就无法有效率地将其中的重要部分提取出来,并作出相应的判断和处理。本文阐述了本课题背景,基于数据库与C/S的管理系统在教务查询中的地位与作用,以及开发本系统的意义,分析了系统的现状与需求、系统所要完成的基本功能。  相似文献   

浅谈高校图书馆微生态环境污染的危害及预防措施     

廖爱娣  ;李湘蓉 《科技广场》2014,(7):128-132

高校图书馆室内环境控制不当,容易引起微生态环境污染。本文分析了引起工作环境质量差的因素,以及对图书和广大师生的危害,并提出了防治措施。  相似文献   

台湾学术自由的制度性保障面向     

张弛 《济宁师范专科学校学报》2014,(2):110-114

在台湾学术自由是人民享有的基本权利之一,根据台湾权利理论,基本权利有作为主观权利和作为客观规范两种性质,从基本权利的性质导出基本权利的功能,制度性保障作为基本权利的功能之一,对台湾实务和理论界发挥了重要作用。本文将从学术自由的性质、制度性保障相关理论、台湾司法院大法官解释出发,重点分析台湾学术自由的制度性保障面向,尝试厘清二者之间的关系以及探究制度性保障的价值作用。  相似文献   

What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?     

Alice Lam 《Research Policy》2011,40(10):1354-1368

This paper employs the three concepts of ‘gold’ (financial rewards), ‘ribbon’ (reputational/career rewards) and ‘puzzle’ (intrinsic satisfaction) to examine the extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of scientists’ motivation for pursuing commercial activities. The study is based on 36 individual interviews and an on-line questionnaire survey of 735 scientists from five major UK research universities. It finds that there is a diversity of motivations for commercial engagement, and that many do so for reputational and intrinsic reasons and that financial rewards play a relatively small part. The paper draws on self-determination theory in social psychology to analyse the relationship between scientists’ value orientations with regard to commercial engagement and their personal motivations. It finds that those with traditional beliefs about the separation of science from commerce are more likely to be extrinsically motivated, using commercialization as a means to obtain resources to support their quest for the ‘ribbon’. In contrast, those identify closely with entrepreneurial norms are intrinsically motivated by the autonomy and ‘puzzle-solving’ involved in applied commercial research while also motivated by the ‘gold’. The study highlights the primacy of scientists’ self-motivation, and suggests that a fuller explanation of their commercial behaviour will need to consider a broader mix of motives to include the social and affective aspects of intrinsic motivation. In conclusion, the paper argues that policy to encourage commercial engagement should build on reputational and intrinsic rather than purely financial motivations.  相似文献   

高校图书馆人力资源开发与管理探究     

刘晓莉 《大众科技》2011,(8):233-235,226

文章就高校图书馆人力资源的现状进行分析,指出了存在的问题,提出了加强馆员的考核及培训和强化以人为本的理念是当前改善高校图书馆人力资源管理现状的重要举措。  相似文献   

网络学术信息行为理论框架构建与行为过程分析     

叶凤云  孙建军  汪传雷 《图书情报知识》2011,(5):82-88

本文在系统分析国内外信息行为相关研究的基础上,结合网络学术信息行为的定义及特点,构建出网络学术信息行为理论框架：然后基于框架从学术数据库、Web搜索引擎和专业学术网站三种途径解析网络学术信息查询行为涉及的载体层级和行为过程;最后从而建立二维表,为进一步研究网络学术信息行为提供参考。  相似文献   

台湾地区机构典藏现状探微   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张赟月 《图书馆建设》2011,(2):36-40

近年来,台湾地区机构典藏以不可阻挡的势头迅速崛起,在世界范围内已享有一定的知名度。台湾地区机构典藏在政府宏观层面的支持下,以大专院校和图书馆为建设主体、DSpace1.4版为技术支持,由点到面依照"种子学校—机构知识库(IR)30计划—IR30+推展计划"的步骤3年内实现经验推广,召开一系列的研讨会促进机构典藏成员间的交流与合作。虽然台湾地区机构典藏在众多方面做出了表率,但仍然存在机构典藏相关法律制定、管理维护滞后等问题。  相似文献