图书馆消减民众信息搜寻焦虑的实证分析     

李超  张奇云 《图书情报工作》2019,63(15):85-93

[目的/意义]从用户视角分析图书馆帮助民众有效消减信息搜寻焦虑的作用机理，自下而上地评估图书馆在信息社会化进程中为民众提供公共文化服务的实际成效。[方法/过程]通过对708位图书馆用户进行问卷调查，运用结构方程模型对个体特征、图书馆使用行为、图书馆使用体验和信息搜寻焦虑之间的相互作用机理进行实证检验。[结果/结论]个体的教育、经济差异通过中介变量对信息搜寻焦虑产生显著影响，表现为教育水平较低、经济收入较高的两组群体焦虑感更强；图书馆使用体验越好，越有助于消减用户日常信息搜寻活动中产生的焦虑感；图书馆使用行为对信息搜寻焦虑不存在显著影响，但对其子维度认知能力障碍与信息利用障碍存在间接的负向影响。  相似文献   

Reliable automatic word spacing using a space insertion and correction model based on neural networks in Korean     

Sihyung Kim  Gihyeon Choi  Harksoo Kim 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):1046-1052

Automatic word spacing in Korean remains a significant task in natural language processing owing to the extremely complex word spacing rules involved. Most previous models remove all spaces in input sentences and insert new spaces in the modified input sentences. If input sentences include only a small number of spacing errors, the previous models often return sentences with even more spacing errors than the input sentences because they remove the correct spaces that were typed intentionally by the users. To reduce this problem, we propose an automatic word spacing model based on a neural network that effectively uses word spacing information from input sentences. The proposed model comprises a space insertion layer and a spacing-error correction layer. Using an approach similar to previous models, the space insertion layer inserts word spaces into input sentences from which all spaces have been removed. The spacing error correction layer post-corrects the spacing errors of the space insertion model using word spacing typed by users. Because the two layers are tightly connected in the proposed model, the backpropagation flows are not blocked. As a result, the space insertion and error correction are performed simultaneously. In experiments, the proposed model outperformed all compared models on all measures on the same test data. In addition, it exhibited reliable performance (word-unit F1-measures of 94.17%～97.87%) regardless of how many word spacing errors were present in the input sentences.  相似文献   

Assessing the Accessibility of Library Tools & Services When You Aren’t an Accessibility Expert: Part 2     

Russell Michalak  Monica D. T. Rysavy 《图书馆管理杂志》2020,60(3):295-300

Abstract

There are a few studies in library literature that explore accessibility issues from the perspective of students who use assistive technologies for accessibility. As we shared in part one of this two-part series in our column, librarians have extensively explored through usability studies with WAVE and other audit tools how accessible library websites and databases are when using assistive technologies like JAWS. In this column, we asked our blind student worker to journal his experiences navigating our library’s databases. We found this student navigated the databases better than we anticipated. While his experiences regarding the accessibility of the libraries’ electronic services varied, common issues he experienced included navigational issues from menus with expanding capabilities, documents that were not scanned with OCR, and images without alternative text.  相似文献   

Public Libraries in the Eyes of the LGBTIQ Community: The Case of Croatia     

Aleksandra Pikić 《Public Library Quarterly》2020,39(2):115-139

ABSTRACT

The achievement of social justice, which implies the development of collections and the design of services for different user groups, is an objective present in the mission of public libraries. Since the 1950s, Croatian public libraries have been continuously developing collections and services for different user communities. However, one user community has remained largely unrecognized – LGBTIQ people. Therefore, the aim of the research presented in this paper is to examine the importance of the role of public libraries in the life of the LGBTIQ community in the Republic of Croatia. With a sample of 259 respondents, information behaviors, attitudes and experiences of LGBTIQ people in relation to public libraries have been examined via an online survey. In particular, this study explored the extent to which members of public libraries differ from non-members. The obtained results should contribute to a better understanding of the information needs and behavior of members of sexual minorities and help bring this group of users closer to (Croatian) public libraries by ensuring that libraries more adequately respond to their needs.  相似文献   

Reference Managers that Support Collaborative Research: Dreaming of the Perfect Fit     

Lauren Murphree  Mary White 《Medical reference services quarterly》2018,37(3):219-233

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基于知识元的科学计量方法及其实证研究     

孙震  冷伏海  张晋辉 《图书情报工作》2017,61(23):89-99

[目的/意义]提出一种深入到文献内部、以文献中隐性专业知识本身作为计量对象的科学计量方法,为在大数据等新环境下开展面向专业实践应用的科学计量研究提供新思路。[方法/过程]在对知识元研究进行系统梳理基础上,结合案例提出一种具有计量属性、表征科学内涵的专业知识元定义,并以地震预警领域为例对基于知识元科学计量方法的可行性和实用性进行检验。[结果/结论]基于知识元的科学计量方法,能够实现科学计量与内容分析的有机结合,以专业用户的关注点作为切入方向,通过对文献中专业知识元的抽取分析,为用户提供解决实际问题的知识产品,满足专业用户的情报需求。  相似文献   

Guest Review:Potential theory method for 3D crack and contact problems of multi-field coupled media: A survey     

陈伟球  丁皓江 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(9)

This paper presents an overview of the recent progress of potential theory method in the analysis of mixed boundary value problems mainly stemming from three-dimensional crack or contact problems of multi-field coupled media. This method was used to derive a series of exact three dimensional solutions which should be of great theoretical significance because most of them usually cannot be derived by other methods such as the transform method and the trial-and-error method. Further, many solutions are obtained in terms of elementary functions that enable us to treat more complicated problems easily. It is pointed out here that the method is usually only applicable to media characterizing transverse isotropy, from which, however, the results for the isotropic case can be readily obtained.  相似文献   

人的素质与素质教育     

侯国湘  张立文 《中国教育发展研究杂志》2007,4(1):10-13

文章从遗传学、胚胎学、人体生理学、进化论角度，用现代对人脑的科研成果为依据，全面论述人的素质来源于优生与优育，深入理解先天秉赋与后天培育的辩证统一关系。为推进教育改革，提高我国人口素质，建立创新型国家，促进和谐社会发展的重要性，把素质教育就是以人为本的教育，是科学发展观的体现。  相似文献   

科研人员电子资源需求调查分析     

孔青青 《图书情报工作》2016,60(10):47-54

[目的/意义] 通过分析科研人员对电子资源的需求状况,以期从用户视角为研究型图书馆制定合理的电子资源发展策略提供数据支持和参考依据。[方法/过程] 运用问卷调查方法分析电子环境下科研人员对电子资源的使用现状、使用偏好及影响因素、发展预期与建议等内容。[结果/结论] 调查结果表明:当前科研人员对电子资源的依赖程度很高,且使用呈现出新特点,如符合"二八"定律、使用渠道多元化、依赖商业搜索引擎、关注开放获取资源和资源共享服务等;科研人员对电子资源的使用偏好受科研人员类型、资源类型以及电子资源本身优劣势的影响而存在差异;科研人员对"纯电子时代的到来"呈谨慎乐观态度,但普遍认为电子资源建设会对图书馆行业产生颠覆性变革与影响。调查所选取的样本数据质量较高、调查过程控制严格,数据处理和分析科学严谨、调查结果真实可信。  相似文献   

Look who’s talking: Emergent evidence for discriminating between differences in listserv participation     

Alex Pomson 《Education and Information Technologies》2008,13(2):147-163

This paper reports findings from a study of LookJed, the oldest and largest on-line forum for Computer Mediated Discussion among individuals interested in Jewish education. The study adopted a “cyber-ethnographic” approach, with postings to the forum seen as “acts of communication” that reveal what is important to their authors. An interest in exploring similarities between forum conversations and those in teachers’ lounges led to an investigation of Herring’s claim that most listservs do not include discussion at all, only the trading of information. This investigation found that active forum participants generally use the forum for discrete purposes, most commonly to exchange information about “subject matter” or “teaching material”, less commonly to exchange opinions and ideas, and rarely to do both. Integrating an analysis of patterns of contribution with an examination of their discursive content reveals six preeminent “types” among the population of contributors, each of whom participates in the forum in different ways and acts with different purposes. Although this typology is at best suggestive and needs to be tested against other listserv cases, its easy identification suggests that in order to better understand the cultures of virtual forums, it is important to pursue a more variegated characterization of listserv participants and their motivations than has typically been the case in CMD research where users are most frequently identified as either lurkers or fanatics, or as active or passive participants.  相似文献