图书馆学史研究与学术传承   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王余光 《山东图书馆季刊》2009,(2):1-3

图书馆学史研究对于学术发展和学者自身修养有着重要意义,而目前对于民国时期图书馆学史研究尚嫌不足。本文论述了学术史研究的具体内容;列出了40位20世纪重要图书馆学家,并作一简要分析。  相似文献   

Self-citations as strategic response to the use of metrics for career decisions     

Marco Seeber  Mattia Cattaneo  Michele Meoli  Paolo Malighetti 《Research Policy》2019,48(2):478-491

There is limited knowledge on the extent to which scientists may strategically respond to metrics by adopting questionable practices, namely practices that challenge the scientific ethos, and the individual and contextual factors that affect their likelihood. This article aims to fill these gaps by studying the opportunistic use of self-citations, i.e. citations of one’s own work to boost metric scores. Based on sociological and economic literature exploring the factors driving scientists’ behaviour, we develop hypotheses on the predictors of strategic increase in self-citations. We test the hypotheses in the Italian Higher Education system, where promotion to professorial positions is regulated by a national habilitation procedure that considers the number of publications and citations received. The sample includes 886 scientists from four of science’s main disciplinary sectors, employs different metrics approaches, and covers an observation period beginning in 2002 and ending in 2014. We find that the introduction of a regulation that links the possibility of career advancement to the number of citations received is related to a strong and significant increase in self-citations among scientists who can benefit the most from increasing citations, namely assistant professors, associate professors and relatively less cited scientists, and in particular among social scientists. Our findings suggest that while metrics are introduced to spur virtuous behaviours, when not properly designed they favour the usage of questionable practices.  相似文献   

Factors influencing research collaborations in Kenyan universities     

Petronilla Muriithi  David Horner  Lyn Pemberton  Hesborn Wao 《Research Policy》2018,47(1):88-97

This paper presents the results of an exploration of factors influencing the organisation and conduct of academic research collaborations in Kenya. A mixed methods research design, involving 248 academics in four disciplines across four major public Kenyan universities, was employed. The study reveals a relatively high level of collaborative research which varies by disciplinary areas. Resource dependence emerged as having a strong influence on decisions to collaborate for this community. This was mainly attributed to low levels of investment in funding research, at both the institutional and national level. At the institutional level, inadequate policies, high levels of bureaucracy, competition among local institutions, weak links with industry, and a major focus on teaching as opposed to research, were reported as barriers to collaborative research. These contextual issues informed the resulting discussion of factors that affect collaborative research in Kenya.  相似文献   

青年科研人员培养现状与建议——以中国科学院为例          下载免费PDF全文

姜扬  钟少颖  杨中波  刘光仪 《中国科学院院刊》2017,32(6):641-648

人才资源作为国家战略资源在国际竞争中的作用毋庸置疑,青年科研人才作为人才资源的重要力量则决定了我国在未来国际竞争中所处地位。如何适应党和国家科技人才发展的战略需求,如何培养造就一批优秀青年科技人才,已经成为有科技"国家队"之称的中科院所面临着的重大课题。为实现中科院"率先行动"计划的战略部署、发展目标,率先建成国家创新人才高地,文章着眼于青年科研人员的行为模式分析,提出符合青年人才成长规律的建议,为制定切实可行的青年科技人才培养政策做作有益参考。  相似文献   

当代科学家传记文学概观     

全展 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2000,15(5):14-20

科学家传记文学以其独特内质和鲜明倾向别树一帜 ,是正在努力倡导科技进步的当今社会值得注意的一个重要现象。该文对当代科学家传记文学创作进行了一番宏观扫描 ,并横向选取吴崇其的《林巧稚》和林洙的《困惑的大匠·梁思成》做了一番评析  相似文献   

我国青年科技人才群体特征与人才成长关系：基于2012—2020年国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目获得者履历的分析     

陈建俞 《科技管理研究》2022,(14):111-122

深入贯彻落实中央人才工作会议精神,鉴于国内关于青年科技人才群体成长影响因素研究的不足,选取2012—2020年我国4 048位获得国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目资助的青年人才（以下简称“优青”）为研究样本,从性别、年龄、教育出身、学科领域、职业流动等维度分析青年科技人才的群体特征及其与人才成长的关系。结果显示优青的男女比例失衡,年龄主要集中在36～38岁,博士学位授予单位以“985”大学居多,工程材料学部的人数高于其他科学部,职业流动规模不大;性别、教育出身和学科领域对青年科技人才早期成长阶段有显著影响,职业流动不会影响人才成长速度,而年龄与人才成才时长之间有较强的负相关性。进而从有关人才项目设置年龄门槛合理性、对人才不问出身可能性、人才职业流动逻辑性三方面提出思考和建议。  相似文献   

1950年代归国留美科学家的归程及命运     

王德禄  刘志光 《科学文化评论》2012,(1):68-87

本文聚焦于50年代归国的留美科学家。他们是一个特殊的群体,在历史的风云际会中,这批科学家的命运体现在对政治与科学、去国与归国、个人与国家等多重相互交织的选择之中。他们大部分是抗战胜利后,通过国民党政府组织的留学考试出国的。50年代他们中很多人想回国为新成立的共和国服务,美国政府禁止他们回中国大陆,他们却想方设法,冲破重重阻力回到了中国。这些科学家在新学科的建制化、科学人才的培养以及为新中国经济建设和国防建设服务方面,尤其其中有些科学家在十二年科学规划的制订和＂两弹一星＂的研制方面,发挥了重要作用。这批科学家在历次政治运动,特别是反右和文革中受了很多冲击,有人被关入监狱,甚至有人自杀。在这批科学家身上能够见证科学与政治复杂的关系,能够见证冷战对科学发展的影响。  相似文献   

Scholarly journal use and reading behavior of social scientists in Taiwan     

Mei-Ling Wang   《International Information and Library Review》2010,42(4):269-281

This paper reports on a study of social scientists’ information seeking and use of scholarly journals to support scholarly communication and information needs. The goals of the study are: to explore the characteristics of information needs for social scientists; to discuss the importance of scholarly journals to social scientists and their information seeking and access means; to identify article reading patterns of social scientists; and to make comparisons between scholarly journals use and reading patterns of social scientists and other scientists in Taiwan and the USA. The author used a questionnaire survey and interview methods to investigate the information seeking, use and reading of scholarly journals, and article deep reading patterns of social scientists. The target population was social science faculty members from National Cheng-chi University in Taiwan. The article explores the characteristics of information needs for social scientists and shows that scholarly journals are important information resources for university social science faculty. Social science faculty in Taiwan use scholarly journals in multiple languages, mainly English, Chinese, German, and Japanese, which is different from scientists in the United States. In addition, they use electronic journals more than print journals. The number of article readings by social science faculty members was approximately 195 readings per year and nearly 440 h were spent reading per year. In contrast to scientists in the United States, the social scientists in Taiwan read fewer readings, spent more time reading, and read older articles. In addition, the study identifies article reading patterns of social scientists and proposes a six-type taxonomy of article deep reading. The study reports the scholarly journal use and reading behavior model of social scientists and shows there are some differences in scholarly journal seeking and use by social science faculty in Taiwan and scientists in the United States. Further studies of scholarly journal and electronic journal use and reading by social scientists across countries, subject disciplines, and languages of journals are needed.  相似文献   

青年学者投身行星科学与深空探测的机遇和挑战          下载免费PDF全文

杨蔚  李雄耀  魏勇 《中国科学院院刊》2021,36(5):597-601

百年未有之大变局背景下的行星科学与深空探测领域发展,为新时代青年学者提供了千载难逢的机遇。行星科学的前沿科学问题,深空探测的关键技术难题,急需青年学者投身其中。但是,仍然存在一些因素制约了青年学者的发展。文章从青年学者的视角梳理了其投身行星科学与深空探测的机遇和挑战,并提出相应的政策建议,希望能促进青年学者参与实现我国行星科学与深空探测领域的强国梦。  相似文献   

国外主要科学资助机构推动科研人员参与科学传播的做法与启示          下载免费PDF全文

齐昆鹏  张志旻  贾雷坡  杨曦  张云晓  高天晓  王聪 《中国科学院院刊》2021,36(12):1471-1481

科研人员对科学有着较其他群体而言更为深入的理解,是科学传播工作中不可替代的重要主体。科学资助机构作为科学体制的重要组成部分,陆续开始关注并致力于推动科研人员参与科学传播,从而加强科学与社会的良性互动。文章调查了国外一些主要科学资助机构在推动科研人员参与科学传播方面的举措。在此基础上,进一步讨论了科学资助机构的定位问题,并结合我国的实际情况,尝试提出了相关政策建议。  相似文献