运动技能形成过程的耗散结构理论阐释     

刘金生  王艳 《安徽体育科技》2009,30(3):48-50

从耗散结构系统观角度对运动技能形成过程进行解释,指出此过程存在远离平衡,运动技能突变,运动技能涨落和巨涨落,运动技能耦合以及运动技能获取的无限化5种模式,且每1种模式都有其自身的运动和变化规律。旨在使广大教练员更深刻地理解运动技能形成的内在规律,以期在日后的教学训练过程中给予一定的启示。  相似文献   

论篮球教学训练中技术概念界定及其分类的理论误区   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李杰凯 《体育科学》2008,28(1):82-88

从哲学世界观的角度分析了机械还原论与复杂系统整体论科学观对篮球技术概念界定及其分类的影响,提出了基于复杂系统原理的新篮球运动技术概念和分类方法,并对教学训练中运用新的技术概念及其分类提出了具体方法和指导意见.  相似文献   

不同类型运动技能保持特征的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄志剑  邵国华 《体育科学》2008,28(9)

以某大学普通专业107名学生为被试,考察不同类型运动技能的保持特征,并比较其差异。实验设计不同组织水平的武术套路项目(n=62)和皮艇球项目(n=45)。每组被试在完成9周36学时的技能学习任务后进行评分。随后随机分为5个小组,将1~5小组被试随机分配到1,2,6,15,31天的复测中,收集相应时间点的技能保持量,最后绘出保持率曲线。实验研究的结果表明:随着时间间隔的增加,不同组织水平动作技能的保持特征有所不同,并对这些差异存在的可能原因进行理论分析。  相似文献   

冬季两项运动射击技术训练     

王文刚 《冰雪运动》2008,30(1):45-47

冬季两项是我国确定的冬季奥运会的重点项目之一,通过对冬季两项特点的分析、认识,以及对项目规律的研究,进一步明确了项目要求,并提出细化技术动作程序、力争首发射击命中率、控制好射击节奏和充分利用好竞赛规则等特殊要求,以及调整射击前的心率、选择适合自己的呼吸习惯、注意合理的运枪技术、突出做好瞄扣配合训练、注重技术动作的程序化的训练和把握关键、立足当前的稳定心态等技巧,以达到冬季两项运动滑雪与射击技术的最佳结合。  相似文献   

“心理定向-动作速度合成”法在标枪技术教学中的应用研究     

张自刚 《体育科技》2008,29(4)

目前,体育院系的技术教学课时大幅减少,如何在有限的时间内完成教学任务,提高教学效能,成为每一位体育教学工作者面临的问题.本实验在标枪技术教学过程中,运用"心理定向-动作速度合成"教学法,将学生的心理活动与动作练习结合起来,对教学所需的心理结构进行定向构建和培养.结果表明:运用"心理定向一动作速度合成"法组织教学,能突出心理认知对技术的控制作用以及掷标枪技术的速度特点,有利于学生掌握完整动作技术,形成合理的运动节奏,能有效的加快教学进度,提高教学效率.  相似文献   

我国跆拳道技战术存在的问题及执裁导向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高志红  崔志强  张立红 《山东体育学院学报》2005,21(6):100-102

对2004年全国跆拳道冠军赛中运动员的技术应用、犯规行为、裁判执裁等方面的情况进行调查与分析，指出我国跆拳道运动员技术种类应用比较单一，应用击头技术的得分比例很低，战术犯规行为使用不当等问题，旨在为我国跆拳道枝战术应用水平的提高和发展方向提供参考依据。  相似文献   

The relationship between fundamental movement skill proficiency and physical self-confidence among adolescents     

Bronagh McGrane  Sarahjane Belton  Danielle Powell  Johann Issartel 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(17):1709-1714

This study aims to assess fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, physical self-confidence levels, and the relationship between these variables and gender differences among adolescents. Three hundred and ninety five adolescents aged 13.78 years (SD = ±1.2) from 20 schools were involved in this study. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD), TGMD-2 and Victorian Skills Manual were used to assess 15 FMS. Participants’ physical self-confidence was also assessed using a valid skill-specific scale. A significant correlation was observed between FMS proficiency and physical self-confidence for females only (r = 0.305, P < 0.001). Males rated themselves as having significantly higher physical self-confidence levels than females (P = 0.001). Males scored significantly higher than females in FMS proficiency (P < 0.05), and the lowest physical self-confidence group were significantly less proficient at FMS than the medium (P < 0.001) and high physical self-confidence groups (P < 0.05). This information not only highlights those in need of assistance to develop their FMS but will also facilitate in the development of an intervention which aims to improve physical self-confidence and FMS proficiency.  相似文献   

Caution regarding exergames: a skill acquisition perspective     

Scott J. Pedersen  Paul D. Cooley  Vaughan J. Cruickshank 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(3):246-256

Background: The advent of technology use in physical education is upon us. But the implications of using exergames as a substitute for traditional physical education instruction for some students raise questions. Although exergames have the potential to increase energy expenditure and motivation in some children, it is less clear whether they can provide skill acquisition benefits that are similar to those found in traditional physical education.

Purpose: In a previous experiment from our laboratory, we found that deliberate practice can significantly reduce the planning time required for lateral arm movements. The purpose of this study was to determine if exergames can produce a similar effect, by reducing the processing time required for children to initiate arm movements to the contralateral and ipsilateral space.

Participants and setting: Thirty children (boys?=?15, girls?=?15), between the ages of 7 and 12 years, participated in a pre- and post-test each taking 30?min and one 30?min treatment session in a university laboratory.

Research design: A repeated measures design was employed to test the effects of deliberate laterality practice on processing speed. Children were randomly assigned (n?=?10) to either a Nintendo Wii tennis contralateral movement experimental group, Nintendo Wii bowling ipsilateral movement experimental group, or handheld video-game control group. Each child participated in one 30?min treatment session.

Data collection: Upper extremity choice reaction time (RT) was measured through 27 goal-directed aiming movements for each arm separately, during the pre-test and post-test. The stimulus–response trials occurred in three randomly presented directions (ipsilateral, contralateral, and midline).

Data analysis: A 3 (treatment group)?×?2 (age group)?×?2 (test)?×?3 (direction) mixed design analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors was used to test for significant differences, with an alpha level set at 0.05.

Findings: There were no significant treatment effects on RT across all groups indicating that a short bout of exergame training was unsuccessful in improving lateral movement processing.

Conclusions: Deliberate laterality practice using exergames did not improve the motor processing speed of lateral arm movements in the same manner of traditional physical education as indicated by our previous research. Explanations as to why exergames do not exhibit the same positive transfer for skill acquisition as traditional physical education instruction are discussed within this paper.  相似文献   

Quiet eye training aids the long-term learning of throwing and catching in children: Preliminary evidence for a predictive control strategy     

C. A. L. Miles  S. J. Vine  J. N. Vickers  M. R. Wilson 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):100-108

Abstract

Quiet eye training (QET) may be a more effective method for teaching children to catch than traditional training (TT) methods, but it is unclear if the benefits accrued persist in the long term. Thirty children were randomly allocated into a QET or TT group and, while wearing a mobile eye tracker, underwent baseline testing, training and two retention tests over a period of eight weeks, using a validated throw and catch task. During training, movement-related information was provided to both groups, while the QET group received additional instruction to increase the duration of their targeting fixation (QE1) on the wall prior to the throw, and pursuit tracking (QE2) period on the ball prior to catching. In both immediate (R1) and delayed (R2, six weeks later) retention tests, the QET group had a significantly longer QE1 duration and an earlier and longer QE2 duration, compared to the TT group, who revealed no improvements. A performance advantage was also found for the QET compared to the TT group at both R1 and R2, revealing the relatively robust nature of the visuomotor alterations. Regression analyses suggested that only the duration of QE1 predicted variance in catch success post-training, pointing to the importance of a pre-programming visuomotor strategy for successful throw and catch performance.  相似文献   

The political skill and will of expatriates in acculturating to the politics of an organization in a new culture     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2015

This paper explores and conceptualizes the process through which expatriates acculturate to the politics of an organization in a new and dominant culture that differs from their origin culture. In addition to an overview of acculturation, we review research on the emergence and perception of political context in organizations, and on political skill and political will. We posit that politically-relevant situational characteristics in organizations and work interact with national culture to affect the intensity with which expatriates perceive politics in their organization. Based on their political skill (operationalized as high versus low) and their political will (operationalized in terms of concern for self versus concern for others), we describe the different political behavior expatriates will use as a means of acculturating to their political context and the effects those strategies have on their acculturative stress and individual effectiveness in the organization.  相似文献