Cycling performance is superior for time-to-exhaustion versus time-trial in endurance laboratory tests     

Sarah L. Coakley 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1228-1234

Time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trials are used in a laboratory setting to measure endurance performance. However, there is some concern with their ecological validity compared with time-trials (TT). Consequently, we aimed to compare cycling performance in TTE and TT where the duration of the trials was matched. Seventeen trained male cyclists completed three TTE trials at 80, 100 and 105% of maximal aerobic power (MAP). On a subsequent visit they performed three TT over the same duration as the TTE. Participants were blinded to elapsed time, power output, cadence and heart rate (HR). Average TTE was 865 ± 345 s, 165 ± 98 s and 117 ± 45 s for the 80, 100 and 105% trials respectively. Average power output was higher for TTE (294 ± 44 W) compared to TT (282 ± 43 W) at 80% MAP (P < 0.01), but not at 100 and 105% MAP (P > 0.05). There was no difference in cadence, HR, or RPE for any trial (P > 0.05). Critical power (CP) was also higher when derived from TTE compared to TT (P < 0.01). It is concluded that TTE results in a higher average power output compared to TT at 80% MAP. When determining CP, TTE rather than TT protocols appear superior.  相似文献   

实现耐力性竞速项目突破的关键问题     

邓运龙 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,24(4):109-111

耐力及其速度耐力涉及的运动项目众多,而我国普遍落后,其根源在于对认识项目本质、确立训练指导思想和选择训练方法上还多有差距。本文较系统地提出了耐力性竞速项目,如中长跑项目,从深刻认识运动项目本质,重点发展主导及其核心竞技能力和选择间歇训练方法的途径为着力点,以期能对教练员和科研人员以启发与借鉴,推动这类项目的发展与突破。  相似文献   

体能主导类耐力性项群与国民体质耐力素质区域分布的研究     

魏俊民  蔡睿 《军事体育进修学院学报》2010,29(1):51-54

采用文献资料及数理统计法,以国家体育总局2006年注册的体能主导类耐力性项群运动薅1122人,与2005年国民体质监测的各省份成年组（20～59岁）共151,656人的肺活量和台阶试验指标冀研究对象,统计分析了体能主导类耐力性项群运动员的区域分布与国民体质耐力素质的区域分布的特誊￡：并对二者进行了相关分析,确定了体能主导类耐力性项群运动员选材的区域,为该项群运动员选材提瘫参考。  相似文献   

模拟低氧组合训练对提高我国女子400m栏速度耐力水平的探析     

章洁  王开永 《广州体育学院学报》2012,32(1):94-98

运用文献资料、数理统计和逻辑归纳比较法,通过比较国内外女子400m栏优秀运动员全程跑的相关数据,分析出速度耐力储备能力较国外运动员差是我国女子400m栏优秀选手以后期待解决的主要问题,根据400m栏能量供应的特点以及目前最具代表性的三种低氧耐力训练方法分析研究,从理论与实践上比较分析出较为科学有效的提高女子400 m栏运动员速度耐力水平的训练方法-模拟低氧组合训练法,模拟低氧组合训练比高原训练及单一低氧训练的更具经济性和实效性,希望能为我国女子400 m栏的速度耐力水平训练提供一些理论参考.  相似文献   

长期大运动量耐力训练对大鼠肾动脉组织学影响的研究     

李元  李涛  阮宜杰 《绵阳师范学院学报》2009,28(2)

通过对耐力训练大鼠肾动脉的零应力状态下的张开角、组织学组成成份的变化,探讨耐力训练对肾动脉的张开角和微观组织结构的影响.结果表明,耐力训练组大鼠肾动脉张开角与对照组相比明显减小(P<0.05);耐力训练组大鼠肾动脉的弹性纤维、胶原纤维的含量与对照组没有显著性差异(p>0.05),C/E没有显著差异(p>0.05);耐力训练组大鼠的平滑肌的相对面积显著减小(p<0.05),而平滑肌的细胞核数并无显著差异(p>0.05),单个平滑肌的相对面积显著减小(P<0.05).因此,长期耐力运动训练主要导致肾动脉中平滑肌的重建.  相似文献   

Functional capacities and sport-specific skills of 14- to 15-year-old male basketball players: Size and maturity effects     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):277-285

Abstract

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of body size and pubertal status on variation in functional capacities and sport-specific skills of 59 youth basketball players aged 14.0–15.9 years. Height and mass were measured and stage of pubic hair was assessed at clinical examination. Six tests of functional capacity were evaluated: squat jump, countermovement jump, 60-s sit-ups, 2-kg standing medicine ball throw, hand grip strength, and 20-m multi-stage shuttle run. Four basketball skills were tested (shooting, passing, dribbling, and defensive movements). Comparisons between basketball players of different sexual maturity status were performed using analysis of covariance (controlling for chronological age). Functional capacities and basketball skills appeared to be largely independent of pubertal status especially after controlling for variation in body size. Results of multiple linear regressions indicated chronological age as a significant predictor for four items, while maturity status was a significant predictor for only one item. The influence of body mass was negative for two functional indicators (jumping, multi-stage shuttle run) and two basketball skills (dribbling, defensive movements), but positive for two functional tests of upper body strength (hand grip, ball throw). Height was positively correlated with two specific skills (passing, defensive movements), while a combination of tallness and heaviness was associated with a disadvantage on three functional capacities and two sport-specific skills.  相似文献   

Attentional focus in endurance activity: new paradigms and future directions     

《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):106-134

After more than 35 years of investigation, research on attentional focus in endurance activity is still mired by a lack of consensus. Specific challenges relate to the conceptualisation of association and dissociation, and discrepancies in methodology, research design, and data collection techniques. This review addresses previously unresolved issues that may limit research findings in this field. Initial concerns include how the endpoint of exercise tasks is defined, how pace is controlled, and the subjects employed within research investigations. An additional objective is to provide direction for future investigations. Traditional views of attentional focus may be limited in their explanatory value. We present a new working model of attentional focus in endurance activity that may more precisely categorise cognitive processes. Finally, research on this topic needs to be grounded in a recognised framework that captures the dynamic nature of human cognition. We propose that existing perspectives are recognised, such as the parallel processing model of pain and the mindfulness approach, and in addition we propose a metacognitive perspective be explored. Means of integrating these conceptual frameworks are suggested to further enhance the understanding of attentional processes in endurance activity.  相似文献   

Different psychophysiological responses to a high-intensity repetition session performed alone or in a group by elite middle-distance runners     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):1045-1052

Abstract

Internal training load refers to the degree of disturbance in psychophysiological homeostasis provoked by a training session and has been traditionally measured through session-RPE, which is the product of the session Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the duration. External training load refers to the actual physical work completed, and depends on session volume, intensity, frequency and density. Drafting, which is achieved by running closely behind another runner has been demonstrated to reduce the energy cost of running at a fixed speed and to improve performance. Therefore, it is hypothesised that psychophysiological responses might reflect different levels of internal load if training is performed individually or collectively. 16 elite middle-distance runners performed two high-intensity training sessions consisting of 4 repetitions of 500?m separated by 3?min of passive recovery. Sessions were performed individually and collectively. Times for each repetition, RPE, core affect (valence and felt arousal) and blood lactate concentrations [BLa] were measured after each repetition. Main time effect was significant and increased across repetitions for [BLa] and RPE (p?<?0.001), and decreased for valence (p?=?0.001). Main group effect was significant and values were higher when training individually for [BLa] (p?=?0.003) and RPE (p?=?0.001), and lower for valence (p?=?0.001). No differential responses were found between conditions in terms of repeat time or felt arousal. Findings demonstrate that elite middle-distance athletes running collectively display lower levels of internal training load compared to running alone, despite external training load being similar.  相似文献   

High-intensity cycle interval training improves cycling and running performance in triathletes     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):521-529

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Words On Play     

Bernard Suits 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(1):117-131

In his article, ‘Recovering Humanity: Movement, Sport, and Nature’, Doug Anderson addresses the place of endurance sport, or more generally sport at large, as a potential catalyst for the good life. Anderson contrasts transcendental themes of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson with the pragmatic claims of William James and John Dewey, who focus on human possibility and growth. Our aim is to pursue the pragmatic line of thought championed by James and Dewey as a contrasting but not mutually exclusive motive to Anderson’s analysis. We contend that movement can provide humanizing possibilities even more pronounced for those subscribing to pragmatic themes (i.e., growth and the strenuous mood). We will use running and cycling to demonstrate how the strenuous mood enhances the possibility for this humanizing condition. Specifically, we argue that moving in a committed fashion allows us to deepen our relationship with the respective practice and thus opens the possibilities for ‘recovering our humanity’.  相似文献