Match-derived relative pitch area changes the physical and team tactical performance of elite soccer players in small-sided soccer games     

Sigrid B. H. Olthof  Wouter G. P. Frencken  Koen A. P. M. Lemmink 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(14):1557-1563

Small-sided games (SSGs) are used in training sessions to prepare for full-sized matches. For the same number of players, smaller pitch sizes result in decreased physical performance and shorter interpersonal distances. A relative pitch area derived from the full-sized match results in larger pitch sizes and this may increase the fit between SSGs and full-sized matches. This study aimed to investigate SSGs with a traditional small pitch and a match-derived relative pitch area in youth elite soccer players. Four age categories (under-13, under-15, under-17 and under-19) played 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers on a small (40x30m, 120m² relative pitch area) and large pitch (68x47m, 320m² relative pitch area). The number of games per age category ranged 15–30. Positional data (LPM-system) were collected to determine physical (total distance covered, high intensity distance and number of sprints) and team tactical (inter-team distance, LPW-ratio, surface area, stretch indices, goalkeeper-defender distance) performance measures and tactical variability. On a large pitch, physical performance significantly increased, inter-team and intra-team distances were significantly larger and tactical variability of intra-team distance measures significantly increased. The match-derived relative pitch area is an important training manipulation and leads to changes in physical and tactical performance 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers.  相似文献   

Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis     

Richard Pollard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):237-248

The existence of home advantage has been established for all major professional team sports in England and North America. The advantage was found to be greatest in soccer, with the home team currently obtaining about 64% of all points gained in the English Football League. Home advantage has changed very little since the formation of the League in 1888 and there are only small variations between the four Divisions of the League. The advantage is less marked in local derbies, in the FA Cup and in non‐professional competitions. It is greater in the European Cup and increases as the stages of the competition progress. The allocation of three points, instead of two, for a win in the Football League has not changed home advantage, but its effect has been greatly reduced in the GM Vauxhall Conference where an away win gains more points than a home win. The statistical evidence suggests that crowd support and travel fatigue contribute less to home advantage in soccer than do the less easily quantifiable benefits of familiarity with conditions when playing at home. Further possible explanations for the advantage are discussed in the light of findings in other sports.  相似文献   

2012年欧洲足球锦标赛射门进攻战术运用模式的研究     

李炎焱  刘常林 《广州体育学院学报》2013,33(3):60-64

运用录像标记统计法和因子分析法,对2012年欧洲足球锦标赛31场比赛823次射门(其中包括76个进球)的进攻战术进行统计与分析,结果表明影响射门进攻战术的因子是:中前场发动快攻是形成射门进攻最常用的核心战术手段,后场断球发动长传转移是形成射门进攻最重要的战术方法,外围吊中与利用前场定位球是形成射门进攻的战术强化形式,个人突破与界外球是形成射门进攻必不可少的战术措施.  相似文献   

全国性体育社团处罚行为的合法性研究——以中国足球协会为例     

孙国友 《军事体育进修学院学报》2013,(1):5-8

处罚是体育社团行使管理职能的一个重要内容,对体育社团的发展有着重要影响。以中国足球协会为例,在分析全国性体育社团处罚行为特征的基础上,从社会合法性、行政合法性、政治合法性和法律合法性等4个方面探讨我国全国性体育社团处罚行为的合法性及其所面临的困境。  相似文献   

Energy expenditure and dietary intake in professional football players in the Dutch Premier League: Implications for nutritional counselling     

Naomi Y.J. Brinkmans  Nick Iedema  Guy Plasqui  Loek Wouters  Wim H.M. Saris  Luc J.C. van Loon 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2759-2767

ABSTRACT

Selecting effective dietary strategies for professional football players requires comprehensive information on their energy expenditure (EE) and dietary intake. This observational study aimed to assess EE and dietary intake over a 14-day period in a representative group (n = 41) of professional football players playing in the Dutch Premier League (Eredivisie). Daily EE, as assessed by doubly labelled water, was 13.8 ± 1.5 MJ/day, representing a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.75 ± 0.13. Weighted mean energy intake (EI), as assessed by three face-to-face 24-h recalls, was 11.1 ± 2.9 MJ/day, indicating 18 ± 15% underreporting of EI. Daily EI was higher on match days (13.1 ± 4.1 MJ) compared with training (11.1 ± 3.4 MJ; P < 0.01) and rest days (10.5 ± 3.1 MJ; P < 0.001). Daily carbohydrate intake was significantly higher during match days (5.1 ± 1.7 g/kg body mass (BM)) compared with training (3.9 ± 1.5 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and rest days (3.7 ± 1.4 g/kg BM; P < 0.001). Weighted mean protein intake was 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg BM. Daytime distribution of protein intake was skewed, with lowest intakes at breakfast and highest at dinner. In conclusion, daily EE and PAL of professional football players are modest. Daily carbohydrate intake should be increased to maximize performance and recovery. Daily protein intake seems more than adequate, but could be distributed more evenly throughout the day.  相似文献   

The Rise of Athletic Masculinity at the Carlisle Indian School, 1904–1913     

Matthew Bentley 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(10):1466-1489

Following the dismissal of Captain Richard Pratt from the position of superintendent in 1904, the Carlisle Indian School entered a new era. The school became more focused on vocational education and moved away from offering immediate civilisation to the students. The school even promoted Indian arts and crafts. This move was also reflected in sport at Carlisle. The school became determined to construct a successful athletic programme. This resulted in the rise of masculine gamesmanship among the athletes. This, combined with racial pride, formed the basis of the athletes' manhood in the post-Pratt era. Yet, despite the demonstration of superior masculinity through victories, the school still positioned the students as subordinate to white men. The players were portrayed as comparatively unintelligent; they were apparently incapable of actually coaching the team.  相似文献   

Long Balls in the Dying Moments: Exploring the Decline of South Africa's National Football League, 1970–1977     

Gustav Venter 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):265-285

During the 1970s, a number of prominent British and Irish footballers – the likes of which included Gordon Banks, George Best, Bobby Charlton, Geoff Hurst and Bobby Moore – played as ‘guest players’ on a short-term basis for various clubs in South Africa's National Football League (NFL), a ‘whites-only’ professional league that spanned the period 1959–1977. Coupled with this, NFL clubs from the outset also secured the services of additional foreign players of lesser standing on longer term contracts in an attempt to improve the standard of play. The strategy of importing high-profile ‘guests’ during the 1970s ultimately proved unsuccessful in sustaining the league as it disbanded after the 1977 season. Utilising archival documentation, contemporary media reports and existing football works, this essay aims to establish the reasons behind the NFL's demise. Two particular factors under consideration are the erosion of the league's entertainment value and the deteriorating economic conditions within South Africa at the time. These elements are juxtaposed with additional factors such as the rise in popularity of multiracial football, the resulting drain of sponsorship away from the white professional game, as well as political machinations within South Africa during this period.  相似文献   

Professional Football in Apartheid South Africa: Leisure,Consumption and Identity in the National Football League, 1959–1977     

Chris Bolsmann 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(16):1947-1961

A growing body of academic and popular literature considers the history of South African football. These and existing publications pay little or no attention to the emergence of white professional football in apartheid South Africa. The National Football League (NFL) challenged the amateur game and introduced professional football to the country. During its 17-year existence, the NFL grew each season with large attendances until its demise in 1977. In addition, the NFL imported a range of international players, invited foreign teams and actively engaged in the political debates in South African sport at the time. The NFL was instrumental in popularising the game across the country for all South Africans. The NFL became the most popular sports entertainment of choice for South Africans during this period. Finally, the NFL actively engaged in a campaign of destroying rival non-racial anti-apartheid leagues while simultaneously co-opting less progressive organisations.  相似文献   

Returning to competition after a serious injury: The role of self-determination     

Leslie Podlog  Robert C. Eklund 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):819-831

Abstract

We tested hypotheses grounded in self-determination theory regarding athletes' cognitive appraisals and emotional reactions when returning to competition following a serious injury. Professional male athletes (N = 225) competing in the Australian Football League were presented with return-to-competition scenarios that varied with respect to: (1) degree of self-determination and (2) salience of re-injury concern. Significant MANOVA main effects were observed for the degree of self-determination on both primary appraisals and emotional responses as well as for the salience of re-injury concern on emotional response. Follow-up ANOVA polynomial trend analyses provided support for the hypothesized trends for greater self-determination in the return to sport to result in more positive appraisals and affect. Findings support self-determination theory contentions and research indicating the psychological benefits of increased self-determination.  相似文献   

浅谈体育足球课教学中加强足球意识训练的重要性     

李肖萌 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2004,18(3):60-63

足球意识，也就是足球战术意识，有人称之为比赛意识或球场意识。意识看似一种抽象的东西，实际上它是非常具体的，有着非常丰富的内容，它和场上运动员的每一行动都有着十分深刻的内在联系。人的一切行动受意识指导，且一切行动反映其意识。意识对于足球运动员来说是极为重要的。多年的教学实践证明，加强足球意识训练，锻炼学生的观察、判断和预测能力是非常重要的。意识好的运动员在赛场上将取得事半功倍的效果；反之，则是事倍功半，甚至是盲目的行动。  相似文献