A Preliminary Study of Racialized Brawn and Brain Framing Effects     

Gregory A. Cranmer  Nicholas D. Bowman  Zachary W. Goldman 《Communication Research Reports》2017,34(1):78-83

Extant research has established that racially based brawn and brain frames are common within sports media. Framing theory suggests that these brawn and brain frames should influence audience members’ behaviors and attitudes, but little empirical evidence to support this notion exists. This study used a quasi-experimental design (Frame x Athlete Race) to understand how exposure to sports news articles that emphasize the physical or mental attributes of White and Black athletes may result in audiences’ subsequent observable behaviors or character judgments toward athletes. Results indicated that frames influenced audiences’ behaviors in a simulated environment and attitudes regarding athletes’ mental abilities, whereas athlete race influenced audiences’ attitudes of athletes’ physical abilities. These findings support sports scholars’ assertions about framing effects and underscore the potential dangers of current sports media trends.  相似文献   

俄罗斯人才外流对我国的启示及其对策     

徐忠  娄昭 《安顺学院学报》2004,(4)

人才战略是国家强盛的根本 ,人才是强国富民的关键 ,人才强国是时代的选择。文章试从俄罗斯人才外流的原因及其所造成的后果入手 ,总结其教训 ,对维护我国人才安全和实施人才强国战略具有一定的启迪作用。  相似文献   

地方高校青年教师流失的原因分析及对策建仪     

周敏 《教育科学论坛》2007,(2B):34-36

青年教师是地方高校的希望和未来，他们的成长和成才对地方高校的可持续发展有着重要作用。因此，如何稳定和提升这支年轻、充满活力和潜力的教师队伍，是一个非常重要的课题。本文通过对地方高校青年教师流失现状、流失原因进行分析，提出了地方高校应对青年教师流失，稳定青年教师队伍的几点建议。  相似文献   

脑成像技术在社会认知研究中的积极作用     

袁晓松 《集宁师专学报》2007,29(4):82-86

脑科学技术的迅速发展与认知心理学的相互融合在认知神经心理学领域取得了惊人的成就,与此同时通过脑功能定位技术开展大脑功能与社会信息加工机制相互关系的研究,也成为心珲学家进行社会认知理论探索的必然,本文试图通过时近10年来脑成像技术在社会认知研究领域所取得成果的介绍,使读者对脑成像在社会认知领域中的积极作用有所了解.  相似文献   

Biological constraints on literacy acquisition     

Cossu  Giuseppe 《Reading and writing》1999,11(3):213-237

This paper investigates some of the biological constraints that shape the process of literacy acquisition. It explores the possibility of isolating processing components of reading which correspond to computational units of equivalent size in the neural architecture. After reviewing and evaluating the current approaches to the biology of literacy acquisition, the paper considers three interconnected topics: (a) developmental dissociations, (b) early stages of literacy acquisition (in a transparent orthography), and (c) effects of remedial intervention for children with reading disorders. Developmental dissociations between reading and severe mental retardation, motor impairment, congenital anarthria and inaccuracy in phonemic awareness tasks reveal the functional independence of the reading processes. The early stages of literacy acquisition in a transparent orthography show a very steep increase in word and non-word reading accuracy; a speed that could hardly be accounted for by unconstrained learning. Finally, rehabilitation treatments of reading disorders either produce no specific effects, or marginal improvements in reading accuracy, which fade away in the long term. Concurrently, these data suggest that the process of literacy acquisition is largely constrained by a specific biological architecture which mimics the functional properties of a modular system. It is speculated that the core component of reading is a metaphonological parser, designed to perform automatic cross-modal associations between visual and sublexical units, according to the paradigms set up by any orthographic system. The phylogenetic implications of the specificity hypothesis are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of brain activation during norm-referenced versus criterion-referenced feedback: The role of perceived competence and performance-approach goals     

Sung-il Kim  Myung-Jin LeeYoonkyung Chung  Mimi Bong 《Contemporary educational psychology》2010

The patterns of brain activation during norm-referenced and criterion-referenced feedback were compared, using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-two healthy right-handed individuals performed a series of perceptual judgment tasks while their brain activity was recorded. The participants responded to a performance-approach goal survey and performed practice trials prior to scanning, during which their perceived competence toward the novel task was manipulated with bogus performance information. During scanning, the participants received either norm-referenced or criterion-referenced feedback after each performance. The brain regions associated with negative affect including the posterior cingulate cortex, the medial frontal gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobule were recruited during norm-referenced feedback only among the low-competence participants. In contrast, significant activation was observed in the identical cortical areas involved in negative affect during criterion-referenced feedback only among the high-competence participants. Regardless of the level of perceived competence, performance-approach goal scores correlated positively with activation in the brain areas implicated in the negative emotion during norm-referenced feedback. The present findings provide insight into the potential costs and benefits of normative assessment.  相似文献   

重症监护病房脑出血并发肺部感染病原学研究     

张新莉  刚丽  蒋志宏 《大连大学学报》2009,30(3):108-109,112

对重症监护病房（ICU）123例脑出血合并肺部感染患者的痰培养及药敏结果进行分析,结果显示,123例检出151株致病菌,其中革兰阴性菌（G^-菌）占65．6％,革兰阳性菌（G^＋菌）占25．1％;G^＋菌对多粘菌素B、亚安培南敏感,G^＋菌对万古霉素敏感,G^-菌及G^＋菌对三代头孢菌素具有普遍耐药性。ICU内脑出血合并肺部感染病原菌以G^-菌为主,应重视对耐药性的监测及对抗生素的合理应用。  相似文献   

神经科学与广告传播效果研究     

张子旭 《国际新闻界》2011,(1)

神经科学,特别是脑成像技术的引入,为广告传播效果研究带来了技术上的突破。通过研究消费者的脑部活动,可以对消费者如何回应广告刺激做出更为直接的观察和更为客观的解释。本文对广告传播效果研究技术手段的发展做了分析,介绍了最新的神经科学技术手段,并将近5年来神经科学在广告传播效果研究领域的应用成果选择性地加以回顾,并对存在的研究局限性及伦理问题进行了阐述和建议。  相似文献   

The knowledge of orthography is a revolution in the brain     

Castro-Caldas  Alexandre  Reis  Alexandra 《Reading and writing》2003,16(1-2):81-97

Brain adaptation to the type of informationthat is processed has been documented inseveral conditions in animals and humans.Illiteracy due to social reasons is a goodsource of information to investigate theadaptation mechanisms to the formal knowledgeof written language. In this paper, a series ofstudies addressing this topic are reviewed.Illiterate subjects and their carefullyselected controls were compared in severalexperimental conditions. It is concluded thatschooling and in particular the knowledge oforthography introduces in the brain newstrategies for information processing thatmanifest themselves in task performance, inbrain activation studies and in anatomicalstudies.  相似文献   

认知语境原型效应与脑筋急转弯的建构整合     

彭有明 《毕节学院学报》2007,25(3):1-5

目前原型理论研究主要集中在语言的本体研究,很少涉及到语用研究.从认知语境原型效应及建构整合理论的角度看,脑筋急转弯虽然是一种智力开发和娱乐的一种方式,但它又有独特的建构整合过程.脑筋急转弯会涉及到两种建构整合,一种是话语意思本身的建构整合,一种是问题答案的建构整合.在前一种话语意思的建构过程中,激活的是认知语境原型效应中的典型图式,然后加以整合而成一个意义连贯的意思,后一种在整合过程中除了典型图式外,更重要的是激活认知语境原型效应中非典型图式,然后对这些典型和非典型图式加以整合,从而找到答案,并确认它的正确性.  相似文献