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Code switching is primarily a linguistic term that refers to the use of two or more languages within the same conversation, or same sentence, to convey a single message. One field of linguistics, sociocultural linguistics, is broad and interdisciplinary, a mixture of language, culture, and society. In sociocultural linguistics, the code, or language that is selected, can be triggered by a social situation or setting in which the speaker is placed. Code-switching can also apply to behavior. In physical education, teachers may communicate in the language of sport. When teaching a competitive activity in physical education class, the environment changes, becomes competitive, and the teachers often code switch and switch instructional choices unconsciously. This article examines the occurrence of code-switching during competitive activities.  相似文献   
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The Program for Excellence in Teaching (PET) conducted in Israel aspires towards training excellent teachers but also towards creating agents of change within the educational system. This qualitative study, focusing on 21 students and beginning teachers who participated in the PET at a certain college of education in Israel, examines their professional expectations and the disparity between intentions and implementations that happens as the beginning teachers encounter the reality in schools. The article suggests three factors that address this disparity: the participants’ positive conception of the educational system, the isolation of the beginning teachers, and the induction process they must undergo. This article proposes various innovative recommendations for coping with this situation.  相似文献   
3.
Cognitive style has a strong predictive power in academic and professional success. This study investigated the cognitive profile of candidates studying architecture. Specifically, it explored the relation between visual and verbal cognitive styles, and the performance of candidates in admission procedures. The cognitive styles of candidates who were accepted were compared with those of rejected candidates and first-year architectural students using the Visual/Semantic Cognitive-Style computerised test. Results showed that candidates with visual style achieved higher scores than candidates with semantic style. A significant difference was found for cognitive-style intensity, where visual style strength in first-year students was significantly higher than in rejected candidates, but less significant when compared to the accepted candidates. Moreover, semantic style intensity in both first-year students and accepted candidates was significantly lower than in the group of rejected candidates. The test is proposed as a reliable predictor of success in architectural studies.  相似文献   
4.
An Institutional Resident Quality of Life Project conducted at six institutions throughout Israel during 1994-1997 aimed to: (1) identify and test elements in the life domains of institutional residents that affect their quality of life, and (2) introduce changes in staff attitudes and behavior toward the residents. The article deals with the supplementary training for staff in one of the participating institutions in the project, and the evaluation of this training program. The growing number of elders in the modern world demands accelerated development of community and institutional services. In turn, the growth of these services requires the training of professional and para-professional personnel, with an emphasis on the latter group in light of the more pressing need for day-today caregiving that para-professionals provide. Considerable efforts have been made in Israel in recent years to recruit such workers, train them before they are employed, and deal with various problems once they are on the job. The data gathered during the course of the project illuminated the significant effect of staff-resident relationships on the residents' quality of life. The supplementary training of the staff, moreover, was found to contribute to the improvement of these relationships. A decision was made, therefore, to develop ongoing training programs for professional, and especially, para-professional staff.  相似文献   
5.
This article examines the multidimensionality of education, research, and training in gerontology through a discussion of the significance and implications of developments in this area based on the Israeli scene. The discussion focuses on the issue of whether gerontology is an academic discipline based on the development of specialized knowledge, along with education and training, in a distinct academic framework, or whether it constitutes part of professional training in a variety of academic fields. The article begins with a presentation of milestones in the development of gerontology in Israel, focusing mainly on social gerontology. It then offers a definition of an academic discipline and of a profession and distinguishes between them by examining the development of curricula in the field of aging in two contexts: social work studies, on the one hand, and specialization in gerontology toward a Master's degree in this area at Haifa and Ben-Gurion Universities, on the other. A model is presented that examines the mutuality among the evolutions in technology, demography, and information, and their significance in the development of standards in education, training, and the dissemination of gerontological knowledge.  相似文献   
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Research literature often addresses the problems entailed in the integration of beginning teachers within the education system. Most studies emphasize the conflicts these teachers experience, especially between the personal and professional aspects of their profession. We conducted qualitative research among participants and graduates of the Program for Excellence in Teaching at a teachers’ college in Jerusalem, Israel, revealing another conflict. In determining their professional identity, beginning teachers face a dilemma between two sub-identities: the teacher as a subject matter and didactic expert and the teacher as a homeroom educator. We characterize these two sub-identities and analyze their implications for teacher training programs.  相似文献   
7.
The approach of context collapse and the notion of unintentional context collisions are of importance to scholars of social media. Israeli public hospitals are a particularly suitable venue for studying these topics, as they employ both Jewish and Arab practitioners, who care for both Jewish and Arab patients amid an ongoing violent conflict. In-depth interviews were conducted with 50 managers and healthcare practitioners (physicians and nurses), both Jewish and Arab, employed at 11 public hospitals in Israel. We found that despite hospitals managements’ instructions to avoid political discourse, it erupts nonetheless whenever the conflict escalates. Fearing damage to professional relations and care of patients, political discourse spills over into social media, where political opinions are expressed mostly by Arab practitioners and stereotypical attitudes against Arabs are expressed mostly by Jewish ones. Our study exemplifies the usefulness of the context collapse approach—and specifically unintentional context collisions—to work organizations and all the more so to healthcare organizations.  相似文献   
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