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A natural challenge for firms seeking to implement knowledge management systems is accounting for the interplay of incentives among workers and supervisors. This paper studies this interaction, focusing on the dynamics arising from joint projects, task evaluation, and knowledge sharing, in the framework of a game-theoretic model. We identify conditions under which a firm can minimize the costs of implementing an incentives-based system for knowledge sharing, taking into account the firm’s ability to monitor individual performance. We show that an employer in our framework has a stronger incentive to monitor tasks when relative-performance pay is small and when higher-paid agents are more likely to generate new knowledge. 相似文献
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Dustin Hillard Eren Manavoglu Hema Raghavan Chris Leggetter Erick Cantú-Paz Rukmini Iyer 《Information Retrieval》2011,14(3):315-336
The critical task of predicting clicks on search advertisements is typically addressed by learning from historical click data.
When enough history is observed for a given query-ad pair, future clicks can be accurately modeled. However, based on the
empirical distribution of queries, sufficient historical information is unavailable for many query-ad pairs. The sparsity
of data for new and rare queries makes it difficult to accurately estimate clicks for a significant portion of typical search
engine traffic. In this paper we provide analysis to motivate modeling approaches that can reduce the sparsity of the large
space of user search queries. We then propose methods to improve click and relevance models for sponsored search by mining
click behavior for partial user queries. We aggregate click history for individual query words, as well as for phrases extracted
with a CRF model. The new models show significant improvement in clicks and revenue compared to state-of-the-art baselines
trained on several months of query logs. Results are reported on live traffic of a commercial search engine, in addition to
results from offline evaluation. 相似文献
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The current debate on child labour focuses on developing countries. However, Portugal is an example of a relatively developed country where child labour is still a matter of concern as between 8% and 12% of Portuguese children may be classified as workers. This paper studies the patterns of child labour in Portugal and assesses the consequences of working on the educational success of Portuguese children. The analysis controls for typically unobserved attributes such as a child's interest in school and educational ambitions and uses geographical variation in policies designed to tackle child labour and in labour inspection regimes to instrument child labour. We find that economic work hinders educational success, while domestic work does not appear to be harmful. Furthermore, after controlling for a host of socio-economic variables, factors such as a child's interest in school and educational ambitions have a large effect on boosting educational success and reducing economic work. 相似文献
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Caroline Dyer Archana Choksi Vinita Awasty Uma Iyer Renu Moyade Neerja Nigam 《比较教育学》2002,38(3):337-351
This paper argues for the need to adopt a more participatory and research-based approach to teacher development in India. Drawing on the experiences of a participatory teacher educator development project in three States, we discuss processes of developing a democratically orientated qualitative research team to work with teachers and teacher educators, highlighting the interplay between their education and socialisation and the demands of the methodology. In the second part of the paper, aspects of developing collaborative action research projects with teacher educators in the context of District Institutes of Education and Training are discussed. Both these approaches require the development of autonomy and critical reflexivity, and although there are tensions in this process, these emerge as vital components of developing a more democratic approach to teacher education. 相似文献
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Arjun Sabharwal 《College & Undergraduate Libraries》2017,24(2-4):238-256
ABSTRACTDigital humanities (DH) represents an emerging framework for digital curation. This study focuses on the evolving relationship of the DH (including history) to digital curation and archives and describes the models of collaboration in the digital environment. A conceptual framework is presented, followed by discussions of scarcity and abundance, archival frameworks, models of collaboration, and a review of selected DH projects. Despite the semantic disagreements over the term archives, researchers and curators should consider each other's perspectives for continued collaboration. 相似文献
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Shah Veenita Murthy Sahana Warriem Jayakrishnan Sahasrabudhe Sameer Banerjee Gargi Iyer Sridhar 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2022,70(1):263-288
Educational technology research and development - MOOCs support the global need of learning resources with large impact through online access and no geographical boundaries. However, pedagogical... 相似文献
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Amy Diehl Jeffrey T. Grabill William Hart-Davidson Vishal Iyer 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2013,22(4):413-434
This article introduces a simple mapping tool called Grassroots, a software product from a longitudinal study examining the use of information communication technologies and knowledge work in communities. Grassroots is an asset-based mapping tool made possible by the Web 2.0 movement, a movement which allows for the creation of more adaptable interfaces by making data and underlying database structures more openly available via syndication and open source software. This article forwards three arguments. First is an argument about the nature of the knowledge work of everyday life, or an argument about the complex technological and rhetorical tasks necessary to solve commonplace problems through writing. Second is an argument about specific technologies and genres of community-based knowledge work, about why making maps is such an essential genre, and about why making asset maps is potentially transformative. Third is an argument about the making of Grassroots itself; a statement about how we should best express, test, and verify our theories about writing and knowledge work. 相似文献
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Arjun S. Bedi 《International Journal of Educational Development》1997,17(4):427-437
Educational expansion is a prominent feature of the economic development strategies of many developing countries. While the potential benefits of greater schooling attainment for subsequent labor market earnings are acknowledged, the potential role played by school quality has largely been neglected for developing countries. This paper combines detailed household survey data with unique data on school quality for Honduras to investigate the importance of school quality for earnings. We employ a structural equations model that treats school quality as a latent variable. Our objective measures of school quality capture teacher training, school infrastructure, and two measures of school crowding. We find strong positive effects of school quality on earnings across a variety of model specifications. In addition, we find that teacher training and school infrastructure are the most important indicators of school quality. 相似文献
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Throughout Latin America, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs play an important role in social policy. These programs aim to influence the accumulation of human capital, as well as reduce poverty. In terms of educational outcomes, a number of impact evaluation studies have shown that such programs have led to an increase in school enrollment, ensured regular school attendance and led to a reduction in child labor. Theoretically, such cash transfer programs may also be expected to exert a positive impact on students’ test scores, but related empirical evidence is scarce. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the impact of a cash transfer program, the Bono de Desarrollo Humano of Ecuador, on students’ cognitive achievements. The paper uses a regression discontinuity strategy to identify the impact of the program on second grade cognitive achievement. Regardless of the specification and sample used, we find no impact of the program on test scores, suggesting that attempts at building human capital, as measured by cognitive achievement, require additional and alternative interventions. 相似文献