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A natural challenge for firms seeking to implement knowledge management systems is accounting for the interplay of incentives among workers and supervisors. This paper studies this interaction, focusing on the dynamics arising from joint projects, task evaluation, and knowledge sharing, in the framework of a game-theoretic model. We identify conditions under which a firm can minimize the costs of implementing an incentives-based system for knowledge sharing, taking into account the firm’s ability to monitor individual performance. We show that an employer in our framework has a stronger incentive to monitor tasks when relative-performance pay is small and when higher-paid agents are more likely to generate new knowledge. 相似文献
2.
The current debate on child labour focuses on developing countries. However, Portugal is an example of a relatively developed country where child labour is still a matter of concern as between 8% and 12% of Portuguese children may be classified as workers. This paper studies the patterns of child labour in Portugal and assesses the consequences of working on the educational success of Portuguese children. The analysis controls for typically unobserved attributes such as a child's interest in school and educational ambitions and uses geographical variation in policies designed to tackle child labour and in labour inspection regimes to instrument child labour. We find that economic work hinders educational success, while domestic work does not appear to be harmful. Furthermore, after controlling for a host of socio-economic variables, factors such as a child's interest in school and educational ambitions have a large effect on boosting educational success and reducing economic work. 相似文献
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Arjun Sabharwal 《College & Undergraduate Libraries》2017,24(2-4):238-256
ABSTRACTDigital humanities (DH) represents an emerging framework for digital curation. This study focuses on the evolving relationship of the DH (including history) to digital curation and archives and describes the models of collaboration in the digital environment. A conceptual framework is presented, followed by discussions of scarcity and abundance, archival frameworks, models of collaboration, and a review of selected DH projects. Despite the semantic disagreements over the term archives, researchers and curators should consider each other's perspectives for continued collaboration. 相似文献
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Ravjit Kaur Sabharwal Parduman Singh M. M. Arora B. L. Somani Vivek Ambade 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(1):71-75
The prevalence of microalbuminuria was assessed in 174 albustix negative hypertensive patients by estimating albumin in the
morning random urine samples by immunoturbidimetric method within four hours of voiding of urine. The urine samples were not
stored and collected without any preservatives. The urinary albumin was calculated in terms of ratio with respect to urinary
creatinine and expressed as albumin creatinine ratio (mg/g). Out of 174 albustix negative hypertensives, 58 (33.3%) patients
were found to have microalbuminuria. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in males and females was found to be 34% and 30.7%
respectively. No correlation was found between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and albumin excretion (r2 = 0.0271) and between duration of hypertension and urinary albumin excretion (r2 = 0.0042). Prevalence of microalbuminuria in nonsmokers and non-alcoholic hypertensives was 20%. The prevalence in alcoholics,
smokers and both smokers and alcoholics was found to be 35%, 42% and 41% respectively. The high prevalence of microalbuminuria
than the various reported studies on the subject demands establishment of a screening programme for microalbuminuria, implementation
of specific intervention methods and education of hypertensive patients about the consequences of smoking and alcohol on possible
involvement of renal system. 相似文献
6.
The Chronicle of Higher Education recently reported that the number of doctoral degrees awarded in the U.S. rose 3.4 percent in 2004, largely because of an
increase in foreign students [Smallwood (2005). Doctoral degrees rose 3.4% in 2004, survey finds. The Chronicle of Higher
Education, December 9, 2005]. Currently, 20.9 percent [National Science Board (2003). The science and engineering workforce
realizing America’s potential. NSB, vol. 3, National Science Foundation] of all science and engineering faculty positions
at U.S. universities are held by foreign-born scientists (with even larger percentages in computer science and engineering)—and
we can expect higher numbers of foreign-born faculty at U.S. universities in the future. In this paper, we use 2001 Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) data from the National Science Foundation to compare productivity levels, work satisfaction levels and career trajectories
of foreign-born scientists and U.S.-born scientists. The results indicate that foreign-born academic scientists and engineers
are more productive than their U.S.-born peers in all areas. Yet, average salaries and work satisfaction levels for foreign-born
scientists are lower than for U.S.-born scientists.
The use of NSF data does not imply NSF endorsement of the research methods or conclusions contained in this report. 相似文献
7.
Arjun S. Bedi 《International Journal of Educational Development》1997,17(4):427-437
Educational expansion is a prominent feature of the economic development strategies of many developing countries. While the potential benefits of greater schooling attainment for subsequent labor market earnings are acknowledged, the potential role played by school quality has largely been neglected for developing countries. This paper combines detailed household survey data with unique data on school quality for Honduras to investigate the importance of school quality for earnings. We employ a structural equations model that treats school quality as a latent variable. Our objective measures of school quality capture teacher training, school infrastructure, and two measures of school crowding. We find strong positive effects of school quality on earnings across a variety of model specifications. In addition, we find that teacher training and school infrastructure are the most important indicators of school quality. 相似文献
8.
Throughout Latin America, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs play an important role in social policy. These programs aim to influence the accumulation of human capital, as well as reduce poverty. In terms of educational outcomes, a number of impact evaluation studies have shown that such programs have led to an increase in school enrollment, ensured regular school attendance and led to a reduction in child labor. Theoretically, such cash transfer programs may also be expected to exert a positive impact on students’ test scores, but related empirical evidence is scarce. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the impact of a cash transfer program, the Bono de Desarrollo Humano of Ecuador, on students’ cognitive achievements. The paper uses a regression discontinuity strategy to identify the impact of the program on second grade cognitive achievement. Regardless of the specification and sample used, we find no impact of the program on test scores, suggesting that attempts at building human capital, as measured by cognitive achievement, require additional and alternative interventions. 相似文献
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Mahajan RS Veerpathran A Dakshinamoorthy G Sharma RD Goswami K Reddy MV 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):362-366
WHO-Tropical Disease Research scheme highlighted the need for development of new anti-filarial drugs. Certain antibiotics
have recently been found effective against Wolbachia, co-existing symbiotically with filarial parasites. Inflammatory response
entails oxidative mechanism to educe direct anti-microbial effect. In the present study microfilariae were maintained in vitro
in medium supplemented with varying concentrations of tetracycline, doxycycline (20–100 μg/ml) or ciprofloxacin (50–250 μg/ml)
separately to find out any involvement of oxidative mechanism in the anti-filarial effect of these antibiotics. Loss of motility
of the microfilariae was measured after 48 h and correlated with the levels of MDA, nitric oxide and protein-carbonylation.
Significant loss of microfilarial motility was recorded with increasing concentration of tetracycline and doxycycline but
with ciprofloxacin the effect was not marked. Agents with high antifilarial activity revealed significant association with
oxidative parameters in a dose dependent manner. The result suggests that oxidative effect might be exploited to design novel
antifilarial drug candidate. 相似文献
10.
In the past two decades, governments from around the world have adopted access-to-information laws at a rate unlike any other time in history. This reform in government information policy parallels a global movement of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, which have pressed countries to advance the norm of transparency. Competition in the global economy has also provided a strong incentive for governments to show openness, as business leaders and donor nations contend that access-to-information is critical for efficient markets. Given the growing interaction between governments and transnational firms, and the global emphasis on access-to-information, this cross-national study examines the relationship between business executives' perceptions of transparency in government policymaking, and several indicators suggested in the literature as means to advance the flow of information about government. The study found countries that respondents ranked as ‘most transparent’ had significantly higher levels of access-to-information laws, telecommunication infrastructure, E-Government, free press, and higher income levels, than countries with low transparency levels. Our regression findings indicate that telecommunications infrastructure and free press influenced the perceptions of government transparency in a positive and significant way. The evidence indicates that democracy did not contribute toward the perceptions of transparency. The findings also suggest that nations aiming for openness by adopting access-to-information laws and engaging in E-Government may signal to businesses that their governments are aware of the international norm of transparency—though these conditions are not necessarily sufficient to advance the perceptions of government transparency. 相似文献