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1.
Daniel H. Mansson Aldís G. Sigurðardóttir 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2017,46(2):161-172
This study sought to address Hofstede and McCrae’s (2004) call for systematic cross-cultural comparisons of trait-like attributes. Specifically, we examined the extent to which Danish, Icelandic, Polish, and American adults’ trait affection given and trait affection received are (a) dependent on national origin, and (b) associated with Hofstede’s dimensions of cultures (i.e. individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance). The participants (N = 606) completed a questionnaire in English that consisted of the trait affection given and trait affection received scales. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression analyses revealed that people’s trait affection given and received are (a) dependent on national origin, and (b) associated with Hofstede’s dimensions of cultures. 相似文献
2.
Atli Harðarson 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2012,46(2):223-235
The dominant model of curriculum design in the last century assumed that school education could be organized around aims, defined primarily in terms of students' behaviour. The credentials of this model were questioned by, among others, Lawrence Stenhouse, who pointed out that education serves purposes that cannot be stated in terms of behavioural objectives. In this article, I offer support for Stenhouse's conclusion and go beyond it, showing that if education aims at critical understanding of its own value, then it is even more radically open‐ended than Stenhouse argued. My argument is based on two premises. One of them is that the reason why people disagree about what education involves is that they have less‐than‐perfect knowledge of what human characteristics are worth cultivating. This premise is supported by a theory of meaning advanced by Hilary Putnam. The other premise is that one of the aims of education is intellectual independence. From these premises, I conclude that a successful course of education serves purposes that cannot be completely stated in advance. 相似文献
3.
Jón Ingvar Kjaran Guðrún Kristinsdóttir 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(9):978-993
In this paper, we study how Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people (LGBT) students in Icelandic upper secondary schools interpret their experience of heteronormative environment and how they respond to it. The aim is to explore how sexualities and gendered bodies are constructed through ‘schooling’. The article draws on interview data with seven LGBT students who attended five different upper secondary schools. We also use visual data collected during fieldwork at one upper secondary school and exemplify the results with a poster and a digitalised short-film, produced by the students, to substantiate what participants told us in the interviews. All of the students experienced heteronormative discourse and lack of respect and indicated that they did not feel fully accepted in school. Upon entering the classroom, the visibility of LGBTs and discussion about different performances of gender and sexuality seem to disappear, whether in terms of textbooks, course content, teaching practices and school environment. Furthermore, LGBTs and those who do not conform to the hegemonic performances of gender are often constructed as deviations from the norm, strange, and even depicted as the abjected other. This applies in particular to the informal school, which embraces the traditions, culture and social interactions among students and teachers. This othering occurs, despite relatively positive attitudes towards LGBT people in Icelandic society in general. The results signify a gap between policy and practice as regards the positioning of LBGT students, which affects their schooling and well-being. 相似文献
4.
Finnborg S. Steinþórsdóttir Þorgerður Einarsdóttir Gyða M. Pétursdóttir Susan Himmelweit 《高等教育研究与发展》2020,39(2):362-375
ABSTRACTResearch grant funding influences the organisation of academic work and academic careers. We problematise general approaches to gender bias in research grant funding and argue that it fails to include the wider structures of inequality and the unequal gendered power relations in academia. Approaching the subject with gender budgeting we challenge assumed gender-neutral practices. The objective is to illuminate how the gendered funding system and (the previous and subsequent) gendered structures of academia are maintained. The whole grants scheme is assessed, drawing on statistical data collected on the whole population of a medium-size, comprehensive research and educational institution in Iceland, and two types of competitive grants. The data is measured against the pool of applicants and comparisons within and between fields and ranks are made. By including the structures of inequality and the gendered power relations, the results show how the funding system is biased not only in favour of men, but towards the male-dominated and culturally masculine positions and fields. This approach illustrates the need to address the whole academic system in order to challenge the norms that maintain and reproduce gender inequalities. 相似文献
5.
Motivation beliefs of secondary school teachers in Canada and Singapore: A mixed methods study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert M. Klassen Wan Har Chong Vivien S. Huan Isabella Wong Allison Kates Wanwisa Hannok 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008
A mixed methods approach was used to explore secondary teachers’ motivation beliefs in Canada and Singapore. Results from Study 1 revealed that socio-economic status (SES) was the strongest predictor of school climate in Canada, and that collective efficacy mediated the effect of SES on school climate in Singapore, but not in Canada. In Study 2, interviews were conducted with 10 teachers in Canada and 14 teachers in Singapore. Teachers in both settings discussed students’ social and behavior problems, but the range of the social problems was greater in Canada than in Singapore, and had a stronger impact on teachers’ motivation beliefs. 相似文献
6.
Interchange - Digital technologies are part of many children’s everyday lives. They use them for entertainment, information seeking and connecting with friends on social media. These shifts... 相似文献
7.
Research shows teacher collaborative learning to be a powerful vehicle to mobilise teacher instructional change and pedagogical
practices, and to improve student achievement. For such undertakings to have positive impact, understanding the visible features
of collaborative structures may not be sufficient to ensure sustainable practice. Instead, there is a need to identify underlying
pathways that provide for successful instructional improvement. The purpose of this qualitative study is to obtain deeper
insights into teacher outcomes arising from this practice and to identify aspects of the lesson study structure and processes
that afford such opportunities. Three subject groups consisting of ten teachers from a Singapore high school participated
in this study. Implications on staff development programs will be discussed in the light of these findings. 相似文献
8.
Lay See Yeo Wan Har Chong Maureen F. Neihart Vivien S. Huan 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2016,36(1):69-83
Teachers’ positive attitude is most critically and consistently associated with successful inclusion. However, little is known about teachers’ first-hand encounters with inclusive education in Singapore. We present findings from a qualitative study on inclusion based on focus group interviews with 202 teachers from 41 resourced primary schools. The data were transcribed and coded using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis and NVIVO software. Two broad clusters identified were teachers’ positive and negative experiences in implementing inclusion. More reference was made to negative than positive experiences. The most dominant negative experience was stress from challenging behaviours and instructional difficulties of catering adequately for diverse needs in the same classroom. The most salient positive experience was satisfaction with pupils’ progress and new learning for teachers. Classroom practices that facilitated inclusion and the value of training in shaping teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion were highlighted. 相似文献
9.
Ragnar Ingi Aðalsteinsson Ingibjörg B. Frímannsdóttir Sigurður Konráðsson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2014,58(5):540-550
A web-based questionnaire was sent to all elementary and middle school teachers in Iceland. The population list, with e-mail addresses, was obtained from the teaching union. The teachers were asked to indicate their major, as well as their experience in teaching Icelandic as classroom teachers or subject teachers. They then rated their competence in teaching Icelandic on a scale from 1–10. Responses were received from 1033 elementary and middle school teachers. Of all teachers, 83.9% had taught Icelandic as classroom teachers and 37.3% had taught Icelandic as subject teachers. All teachers rated their competence as high. Statistically, Icelandic majors and older teachers were significantly more efficacious than others in teaching Icelandic. Those with the lowest competence ratings in teaching Icelandic were sports and home studies majors. However, teachers from all majors had taught Icelandic as classroom teachers, and a significant number of them had taught Icelandic as a subject. 相似文献
10.
This article investigates mental representations of literary characters and their relations with other aspects of response to literature and age, gender, and expertise. A Saga chapter and the beginning of a contemporary novel were presented to 16 participants from each of three age groups (13 years, 17 years, adults) equally divided by gender and expertise level. After having evaluated the texts with rating scales, participants were interviewed on the main character of each text. The similarity between participants’ answers was computed and used for a cluster analysis. Four clusters (representation types) were identified for one character and five for the other. Character representation was affected by age but not by expertise and gender, and was unrelated to other aspects of response to literary text. Explicit ratings of the texts, instead, were affected by expertise. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed. 相似文献