Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation     

Nora Schneider  Elizabeth Greenstreet  Sean C. L. Deoni 《Child development》2022,93(2):359-371

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.  相似文献   

Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study     

David Sánchez-Oliva  Rebecca M. Leech  Alberto Grao-Cruces  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Carmen Padilla-Moledo  Oscar L. Veiga 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1062-1069

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.  相似文献   

‘Just stick to the science’ is not enough     

Peterson  Erik L. 《Metascience》2019,28(1):147-150

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Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis     

Jeffrey R. Harring  Tessa L. Johnson 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):137-138

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.  相似文献   

现阶段国内U-15少年足球守门员防守技术运用情况调研   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张强  杨跃飞  于永安  宫鲁农 《中国体育科技》2003,39(4):33-35

运用临场观察、访谈、文献资料调研以及逻辑分析等研究方法 ,对现阶段国内U 15少年足球守门员防守技术运用情况进行统计与分析研究。研究表明 ,少年足球守门员防射门球的预测判断能力不足 ,导致选位差、反应慢和接球易脱手 ,防守的成功率低 ;出击时机把握不好 ,对抗条件下难以有效发挥位置优势 ,强干扰下争夺球失误多。加强足球意识与心理培养 ,提高反应和接球动作质量要求是加强少年足球守门员水平稳定的重要环节。  相似文献   

Medieval and renaissance glass technology in Valdelsa (Florence). Part 1: raw materials, sands and non-vitreous finds     

U. Casellato  F. Fenzi  P. Guerriero  S. Sitran  P. A. Vigato  U. Russo  M. Galgani  M. Mendera  A. Manasse 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2003,4(4):337-353

A significant number of archaeological finds of the 13th–16th century from the Tuscan sites of Germagnana and Gambassi in Valdelsa—FI, was studied by different physico-chemical investigations (SEM–EDS, ICP, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, XRF, TG-DTA) in order to contribute to clarify the production methodology and the pre-industrial glass manufacture technology. The studied samples are mainly non-vitreous finds as production waste, refractory materials, crucibles and raw materials; also vitreous finds as frits, skims, glasses (glass masses, glass working waste and finished products) have been taken into consideration. The obtained petrographic and physico-chemical data strongly suggest that both Gambassi and Germagnana glass manufactures were strictly connected with the sources of vitrifiable materials, situated in Tuscan sand quarries. In particular a comparison between sands from the neighbouring quarries and appropriate finds of the two archaeological sites evidences that the employed vitrifiable materials possibly belong to La Casina La Cava resort. The archaeological classification, based on macroscopic observation and stratigraphic position, was compared and verified with the scientific classification of the examined finds of Germagnana and Gambassi sites based on their composition, morphology and physico-chemical properties.  相似文献   

体育院校与普通院校大学生成就动机发展特点的比较研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨勇  魏丕来 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,(3):50-52

运用心理测量法和问卷法 ,采用定量与定性分析相结合的方法 ,对体育院校大学生成就动机的发展特点进行分析 ,并与普通院校大学生进行比较。研究结果表明 :体育院校大学生成就动机水平高于普通院校大学生成就动机水平 ;体育院校与普通院校男女大学生的成就动机得分不存在显著差异 ;影响体育院校与普通院校大学生成就动机的前两位因素是意志品质和社会就业压力。  相似文献   

普通高校保健体育课现状调查及对策分析     

周勇 《福建体育科技》2003,22(5):28-31

本文对西安市部分(20所)高蒋及学生(随机抽取陕西师大99级、2000绵学生437名及已经参加体育保健班的学生患者的12 5%,并且只有24 5%的参加者认为现行保健班参自己的康复有作用。开设保健班的高校仅占80%,并且教学上有欠规范,教学内容缺乏针对性,师资达不要求。结论:高校保健康复体育教学的改革势在必行。  相似文献   

Response to Siegel     

J F Carlisle 《Journal of learning disabilities》1990,23(5):267-9, 319

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对我国部分项目优秀教练员能力结构的研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

尹军  于勇  蔡有志 《中国体育科技》2001,37(10):45-46

采用文献资料调研、专家及问卷调查和数理统计等方法对我国部分项目优秀教练员的能力结构进行研究,探讨从事不同运动项目的优秀教练员所具有的能力结构与共同特征.  相似文献