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职业教育基本问题访谈录(Ⅰ)职业教育是什么 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全国教育科学“十五”规划国家一般课题《职业教育几个基本问题研究》（BJA010100）课题组就“职业教育的基本问题”对国内外职业教育界的专家、学者进行了访谈，使我们看到了对此问题的不同角度和层面的理解。这是一次思想的碰撞，有利于我们深化对职业教育基本问题的认识。本刊特将访谈记录分专题编辑处理，并从本期起连续刊发，本期论题为“职业教育是什么？”[编者按] 相似文献
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N. L. McCaslin Douglas Thom Harold J. Noah R. Murray Thomas Emile G. Mc Anany Michael Eraut W. Patrick Leonard John Wilson Peter McPhail Haydn Mathias Mohamed Idwan Ganie Willy Wielemans Antonio Valbuena Paz M. Dino Carelli Egbert Jahn Donald K. Sharpes Daya A. Perera Friedhelm Zanter Carole L. Hahn Walter Hahn Linda A. Dove J. A. Akinpelu Ruth W. Salmon 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(1):83-119
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Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Ismail M. Moumouni Simplice D. Vodouhe Friedhelm Streiffeler 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):301-316
Abstract This paper analyses the organizational, financial and technological incentives that service organizations used to motivate farmers to finance agricultural research and extension in Benin. Understanding the foundations and implications of these motivation systems is important for improving farmer financial participation in agricultural research and extension. We studied three cases of farmer financial participation in the field of agricultural research and extension in Benin. We conducted semi-structured interviews with leaders of service organizations and farmers’ associations, local authorities and individual farmers. Our interviews focused on service delivery systems, mechanisms of farmers’ financial contribution, the functioning of farmers’ associations, and the appropriateness of services provided. We performed thematic and comparative analyses at the interfaces between (1) service providers and partner–farmer associations, (2) service providers and delivered services, and (3) farmers/farmers’ associations and services. Incentives for farmer financial participation are the increasing participation strategy, the fulfillment of farmers’ needs and the local leadership valorization. The selection and combination of their variants determine the motivating capacity and orientation of service organizations. Conversely to the increasing participation strategy, an effective fulfillment of farmers’ needs and local leadership valorization can lead to sustainable motivation. As the fulfillment of farmers’ needs determines importantly the effectiveness and sustainability of farmers’ motivation, the strategies of farmer financial participation are likely to fail if there are no successful agricultural technological incentives. In the current context of privatization of agricultural services in developing countries, this analytical framework is of interest for policy makers and development workers for identifying conditions of farmer financial participation and designing effective motivation strategies. 相似文献
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This study examined the developmental sporting activities of 52 German football first Bundesliga professionals (including 18 senior national team members) and 50 fourth to sixth league amateur players. They reported their volumes of organised football practice/training, including its “microstructure” (proportions of physical conditioning, skill exercises and playing forms), non-organised leisure football play and engagement in other sports through their career, respectively. Analyses revealed that the Bundesliga professionals performed moderate amounts of organised football practice/training throughout their career. They accumulated 4264 (mean value) hours over ~16 years before debuting in 1st Bundesliga; senior National Team debut was preceded by 4532 hours (mean) over ~17 years. Within the “microstructure” of organised practice/training, the proportion of playing forms developed from ~52% (childhood) to ~45% (adolescence) and ~40% (adulthood) and physical conditioning from ~13% to ~14% and ~23%. Outside organised involvement, these players engaged in extensive non-organised leisure football play making ~68%, ~54% and ~9% of all football involvement. Subsuming organised and non-organised football, ~86% (childhood), ~73% (adolescence) and ~43% (adulthood) of all activity was game play (exclusive matchplay). National Team differed from amateurs in more non-organised leisure football in childhood, more engagement in other sports in adolescence, later specialisation, and in more organised football only at age 22+ years. Relative to numerous other studies, these players performed less organised practice, particularly less physical conditioning, but greater proportions of playing activities. The findings are discussed relative to the significance of playing forms and variable involvements and are reflected against the deliberate practice and Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP) frameworks. 相似文献
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Frank-Olaf Radtke Peter Gstettner Friedhelm Streiffeler 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1981,27(1):15-39
Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag versucht in seinem ersten Teil, die ökonomischen und sozialen Bedingungen zu rekapitulieren, mit denen die Bildungspolitik im postkolonialen Afrika zu rechnen hat.Die weltwirtschaftlichen Abhängigkeiten werden, so zeigt der zweite Teil, wirksam unterstützt durch die mit der Institutionalisierung der Erziehung einhergehende Trennung von Ausbildung und produktiver Arbeit. In den kommunitär organisierten traditionellen afrikanischen Gesellschaften oblag die Erziehung allen Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft und war Teil des gemeinsamen Lebens- und Arbeitsprozesses. Erst mit der Einführung der Institution Schule unterliegt Erziehung den Prinzipien der Arbeitsteilung und übernimmt neben Bildungs- nun auch Selektions- und Privilegierungsfunktion. Dadurch kommt es zu einer Entfremdung der Ausgebildeten von der produktiven Arbeit, und das Erziehungssystem insgesamt kann die auf Kreativität und Entwicklung angewiesenen gesellschaftlichen Aufgaben nicht wirksam unterstützen.Nach einer Phase der bloß quantitativen Ausweitung des Bildungssystems, so beschreibt der dritte Teil, unternimmt die afrikanische Bildungspolitik heute große Anstrengungen einer qualitativen Umorientierung des Erziehungssystems an den realen Notwendigkeiten der afrikanischen Gesellschaften.Im vierten Teil wird die Ablösung von europäisch-amerikanischen Entwicklungsund Innovationsstrategien und die Rückbesinnung auf Elemente der traditionellen Erziehung beschrieben. Am Beispiel des Programms Ecole du peuple, das in der VR Kongo eine Reorganisation des Bildungssystems von der Vorschule bis zur Universität anstrebt, werden die Schwierigkeiten eines solchen Unternehmens untersucht.
The first part of this contribution attempts to recapitulate the economic and social conditions facing educational policy in post-colonial Africa. The second part shows that the dependence on world economy is aggravated by the separation of education from productive work, which is a concomitant of the institutionalisation of education. In the communally-organised traditional African societies, education was incumbent on all members of the society; it was part of the common life-and-work process. It was not until the school as institution had been introduced that education came to be governed by the principles of the division of labour and took over the function of the selection and creation of privilege. This has led to an alientation of school leavers from productive work. The educational system as a whole can no longer support those societal tasks that require creativity and development.Following a phase of quantitative expansion, the third part points out that African educational policy is currently making great efforts to give the educational system a qualitative reorientation towards the real needs of African societies. The fourth part describes the detachment from Euro-American strategies of development and innovation, and the revaluation of elements of traditional education. Taking as an example the programme, Ecole du peuple, which aims to reorganise the educational system of the People's Republic of the Congo from pre-school to university, the difficulties of such an undertaking are investigated.
Résumé La première partie de cet article récapitule les conditions sociales et économiques qui confrontent la politique de l'éducation en Afrique post-coloniale. La deuxième partie montre que la dépendance vis-à-vis de l'économie mondiale est aggravée par la scission entre l'éducation et le travail productif, conséquence de l'institutionalisation de l'éducation. Dans les sociétés africaines traditionnelles organisées en communautées, l'éducation incombait à tous les membres de la société; elle faisait partie de la vie commune et du processus du travail. Ce n'est qu'après l'introduction de l'école-institution que l'éducation a été gouvernée par les principes de division du travail, qu'elle a pris à son compte les fonctions de sélection et de la création des privilèges. Ce qui a mené les élèves sortant de l'école à se détacher du travail productif. L'enseignement ne peut se charger plus longtemps de ces tâches propres à la société, qui reguièrent créativité de développement.La troisième partie souligne qu'après avoir connu une phase d'expansion quantitative, la politique de l'éducation africaine est, dans son ensemble, en train de faire de grands efforts pour réorienter qualitativement son système en fonction des besoins réels des sociétés du pays. La quatrième partie décrit son détachement des stratégies de développement et d'innovation euro-américaines, et la revalorisation d'éléments de l'éducation traditionnelle. Prenant comme modèle le programme, Ecole du peuple, qui, en République populaire du Congo, vise à réorganiser l'enseignement, depuis la préscolarité jusqu'à l'université, l'auteur examine les difficultés que présente une telle entreprise.相似文献
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