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Li Chao Brant Eleanor Budak Hikmet Zhang Baohong 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(4):253-284
Since it was first recognized in bacteria and archaea as a mechanism for innate viral immunity in the early 2010 s,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) has rapidly been developed into a robust, multifunctional genome editing tool with many uses. Following the discovery of the initial CRISPR/Cas-based system, the technology has been advanced to facilitate a multitude of different functions. These include development as a base editor, prime editor, epigenetic editor, and CRISPR interference(CRISPRi) and CRISPR activator(CRISPRa) gene regulators. It can also be used for chromatin and RNA targeting and imaging. Its applications have proved revolutionary across numerous biological fields, especially in biomedical and agricultural improvement. As a diagnostic tool, CRISPR has been developed to aid the detection and screening of both human and plant diseases, and has even been applied during the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. CRISPR/Cas is also being trialed as a new form of gene therapy for treating various human diseases, including cancers, and has aided drug development. In terms of agricultural breeding, precise targeting of biological pathways via CRISPR/Cas has been key to regulating molecular biosynthesis and allowing modification of proteins, starch, oil, and other functional components for crop improvement. Adding to this, CRISPR/Cas has been shown capable of significantly enhancing both plant tolerance to environmental stresses and overall crop yield via the targeting of various agronomically important gene regulators. Looking to the future, increasing the efficiency and precision of CRISPR/Cas delivery systems and limiting off-target activity are two major challenges for wider application of the technology. This review provides an in-depth overview of current CRISPR development, including the advantages and disadvantages of the technology,recent applications, and future considerations. 相似文献
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This study investigated the relative influence of factors and persons in college major choice and procedural justice perceptions of 449 undergraduate students enrolled in 1 private and 2 public universities in Turkey. Results showed that students found themselves to be the most influential person in their choice of college major, followed by parents/other family members. With regard to the factors, interest in the subject, guaranteed employment, expected earnings in the field, the university entrance exam score, and a prestigious career were ranked, respectively. Striking differences were found among majors. Findings also suggested that, whereas male and female students' choices were influenced by very similar factors and persons, female students declared more procedural justice. 相似文献
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Auto identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) has been promising for real time traceability, communication, identification and location of goods, assets and people. Despite this promising trend, health care sector has not fully embraced RFID technology. The purpose of this study is to understand how RFID technology can be beneficial for meeting hospital real time asset and people management information requirements prior to adoption of the technology. 相似文献
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between life satisfaction, gender, social security, and depressive symptoms of the Turkish elderly. This cross-sectional study included 216 (female = 127, male = 89) participants with ages ranging from 60 to 93 years (mean = 71.60 ± 7.39). Information Gathering Form and Life Satisfaction and Geriatric Depression Scales were used for data collection. It was determined that 42.1% of the elderly who participated in this study had high depressive symptoms scores. Life satisfaction (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.53–0.71), lack of social security benefits (OR = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.25–9.89), and gender (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.17–5.50) predicted the depressive symptoms significantly. The results of the study indicate that while depression risk increases, life satisfaction decreases. In addition, lack of social security benefits and being female also increase the risk of depression in the Turkish elderly. 相似文献
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Investigation of academic dishonesty has increased markedly in the past two decades; however, the body of research offers inconclusive evidence for many variables. This study examines faculty and student perceptions of in‐class and out‐of‐class cheating behaviours and provides contextual evidence for the prevalence of assessment practices used. Faculty and students differed only slightly in their attitudes toward collegiate cheating and their views on possible reasons for it. We found that the prevalence of teaching and assessment types used in student grading is significantly correlated with perceptions of out‐of‐class cheating, but not with out‐of‐class cheating behaviours. Students with less experience in out‐of‐class assessment display a less ethical attitude toward out‐of‐class cheating. 相似文献
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Humeyra Ozturk Emre Fatma Hande Karpuzoglu Cihan Coskun Ebru Demirel Sezer Ozlem Goruroglu Ozturk Fatma Ucar Hikmet Can Cubukcu Fatma Demet Arslan Levent Deniz Mehmet Senes Mustafa Serteser Cevat Yazici Dogan Yucel Abdurrahman Coskun 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2021,31(1)
IntroductionTo interpret test results correctly, understanding of the variations that affect test results is essential. The aim of this study is: 1) to evaluate the clinicians’ knowledge and opinion concerning biological variation (BV), and 2) to investigate if clinicians use BV in the interpretation of test results.Materials and methodsThis study uses a questionnaire comprising open-ended and close-ended questions. Questions were selected from the real-life numerical examples of interpretation of test results, the knowledge about main sources of variations in laboratories and the opinion of clinicians on BV. A total of 399 clinicians were interviewed, and the answers were evaluated using a scoring system ranked from A (clinician has the highest level of knowledge and the ability of using BV data) to D (clinician has no knowledge about variations in laboratory). The results were presented as number (N) and percentage (%).ResultsAltogether, 60.4% of clinicians have knowledge of pre-analytical and analytical variations; but only 3.5% of them have knowledge related to BV. The number of clinicians using BV data or reference change value (RCV) to interpret measurements results was zero, while 79.4% of clinicians accepted that the difference between two measurements results located within the reference interval may be significant.ConclusionsClinicians do not use BV data or tools derived from BV such as RCV to interpret test results. It is recommended that BV should be included in the medical school curriculum, and clinicians should be encouraged to use BV data for safe and valid interpretation of test results. 相似文献
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