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Minerva - We extend previous research by systematically investigating whether perceptions of scientific authorship vary between domains. Employing regulations for authorship of scientific journals... 相似文献
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Rajput ZI Hu SH Arijo AG Habib M Khalid M 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(11):1057-1062
INTRODUCTION The world population of buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)has been estimated at over172million head,more than97%(167.6million)of which are in Asia and the Pacific region,mainly in India(97.7million)and Pakistan(25.5million)(FAO,2004).About98%of buffaloes in the region are raised by small farmers owning less than two hectares of land and less than five buffaloes(Mudgal,1992).In general,the water buffalo is regarded as more productive,healthier and more useful than the cow,especiall… 相似文献
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Jasmin Riedl 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(4):101390
How fast are law-making processes and how often are lawmakers exploiting institutional fast lanes to help speed up legislation? To this day, Political Science has not managed to provide a quantitative answer to these questions. By placing a scientific focus on this gap, the current examination will conceptualise a quantitative measure for legislative pace which is analogous to the tempo of music. This will permit the author to place the (subjective) temporal perception of law-making procedures into the overall context of legislature.A database, which contains machine-readable data extracted and transformed from semi-structured documents, will be highlighted for its ability to measure legislative pace in Germany. As a result, every procedural step within all the adopted federal laws in Germany (between autumn 1990 and autumn 2017), is able to be processed by computers.Finally, the paper employs the aforementioned database and the conceptualised quantification of pace (metronome) to shed light on legislative pace in Germany. Results are presented for the 16th legislative period (2005–2009) of the German Bundestag. Thus, the paper contributes to an ongoing dispute between “acceleration-optimist” and “deliberation-supporters” with respect to their views on the speed of legislation. The paper shows to what extend law-making can accelerate in times of parliamentary truce or in cases of broad consent between the majoritarian actors. However, this does not always imply a diminished (parliamentarian) interest inclusion and control. In general, institutional time-rules and parliamentary practices offer reliable so called “checks and balances” to monitor legislative acceleration. Nevertheless, what seems to be lacking, is a stronger set of rules that control the power of government and the parliamentarian factions' ability to delay law-making procedures. 相似文献
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Nitric oxide (NO) a free radical having both cytoprotective as well as tumor promoting agent is formed from l-arginine by converting it to l-citrulline via nitric oxide synthase enzymes. The reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide generates potent oxidizing
agent, peroxynitrite which is the main mediator of tissue and cellular injury. Peroxynitrite is reactive towards many biomolecules
which includes amino acids, nucleic acid bases; metal containing compounds, etc. NO metabolites may play a key role in mediating
many of the genotoxic/carcinogenic effects as DNA damage, protein or lipid modification, etc. The basic reactions of nitric
oxide can be divided as direct effect of the radical where it alone plays a role in either damaging or protecting the cell
milieu and an indirect effect in which the byproducts of nitric oxide formed by convergence of two independent radical generating
pathways play the role in biological reactions which mainly involve oxidative and nitrosative stress. Nitric oxide is also
capable of directly interacting with mitochondria through inhibition of respiration or by permeability transition. Reaction
of nitric oxide with metal ions include its direct interaction with the metals or with oxo complexes thereby reducing them
to lower valent state. Excessive production of nitric oxide can be studied by inhibiting the synthetic pathway of nitric oxide
using both selective or specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with respect
to isoforms of nitric oxide. 相似文献
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Habib M Hussain I Fang WH Rajput ZI Yang ZZ Irshad H 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(4):320-323
In this experiment conducted to study the inactivation dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） by binary ethylenimine （BEI） in comparison with formalin, IBDV was isolated from the bursa of infected chickens and its confirmation was done by agar gel precipitation test. Viral suspensions were subjected to inactivation with BEI and formalin for pre-set time in- tervals. BEI was employed at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L while formalin was used at 0.1% and 0.2%. Sampling was done at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation and samples were tested for their inactivation status in 9-day-old embryonated eggs and 3-week-old broiler chickens. IBDV was completely inactivated by 0.001 and 0.002 mol/L BEI after 36 h of incubation at 37℃, whereas formalin at 0. 1% and 0.2% concentrations inactivated IBDV in 24 h. 相似文献
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This article presents the results of a study using both quantitative and qualitative data to uncover the extent and nature of the involvement of academic staff in the processes of acquisition and implementation of educational technologies. Actor-network theory (ANT) is used to inform the design of the study and the analysis of the data. Three main areas of investigation are (1) issues of institutional policy and overall purpose of technology, (2) issues of staff involvement in various activities related to acquisition and use of technology and (3) issues related to the existence of arenas for dialogue and discussions of technological needs and requirements across organisational boundaries. The analysis focuses on the diffuseness of the role of academic staff in processes of development of institutional policies and technology acquisition. The article concludes with suggestions for organisational policy in higher education contexts, and possible directions for new research. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis article addresses how technology-enhanced learning (TEL) is implemented in higher education institutions. The study is based on data collected from a nationwide survey and semi-structured interviews with academic managers. The findings suggest that: (1) members of the academic management staff have limited knowledge of institutional strategies; (2) there is a gap between what academic managers believe they do to support and implement TEL and what other academic staff perceive them to actually do; and (3) TEL is seldom discussed during performance assessment reviews. In addition, the study reveals that academic managers have different understandings of the use of educational technology. Those differences appear to be closely related to the individual managers’ assessment of TEL’s role in supporting teaching. 相似文献
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Habib Hajjar 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(2):179-191
In 1977 the Government of the Sudan adopted a Plan with the long-term aim of universalizing primary education by the end of 1990. In spite of real accomplishments in education since the launching of the UPE scheme, there is a widespread conviction that the attainment of this objective will be delayed far beyond 1990 unless serious measures are taken to modify existing trends and imbalances. The following article, based on available information from the Sudan and on a microplanning study undertaken jointly by IIEP and the Sudanese Ministry of Education in 1981, is an attempt to draw some lessons from the Sudanese experience of UPE, highlighting the major difficulties encountered in implementing this policy and raising some of the implications of such a scheme for planning methods and perspectives. Although a host of financial and material problems (lack of resources, problems of communication, etc.) may be pointed out, one must not forget the pressure of existing trends and imbalances such as the ‘upward thrust’ in the development of the Sudanese school system, which contrasts with the top priority accorded in theory to primary education. The existing planning methods laid down by the central level and formed within a uniform and general setting, scarcely suit the variety of local situations in a country like the Sudan where the different regions are very diverse in their geographic, economic, ethnic and political composition. 相似文献