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1.
Paulo Ricardo Pereira Dos Santos Bruno Remígio Cavalcante Andreya Karolyne Dos Santos Vieira Marcos Duarte Guimarães Antônio Marconi Leandro Da Silva Anderson Da Costa Armstrong 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(17):1936-1942
ABSTRACT We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults. 相似文献
2.
The present research tested the generality of the “work ethic“ effect described by Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000).
In Experiment 1, we trained 10 pigeons on a pair of either simultaneous or successive discriminations. One discrimination
followed a high-effort requirement (20 pecks to the center key) and the other followed a low-effort requirement (1 peck).
Contrary to Clement et al.’s results, we found that preferences between the S+ and S− stimuli in transfer tests depended on the event that initiated the trial: Pigeons preferred the stimulus from the baseline
discrimination whose initiating event was most dissimilar from that preceding the test trial. Preferences were similar but
less extreme in the successive condition. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether test preferences depended on the amount
of training. A total of 12 pigeons were trained on a pair of simultaneous discriminations, except that test sessions were
scheduled after every three baseline sessions. Preferences increased across test sessions but were similar to those in Experiment
1. Together with Vasconcelos, Urcuioli, and Lionello-DeNolf (2007a), our study represents a second failure to replicate Clement
et al.’s work ethic effect. The finding that preference depends on the event that initiates the test trial suggests that choice
probes may not provide unambiguous assessments of stimulus value. 相似文献
3.
da Silva Cláudia Sampaio Corrêa Teixeira Marco Antônio Pereira Cardoso Paulo Fernández-Navarro Pablo Gonçalves Miguel M. Duarte Maria Eduarda 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2020,20(3):635-652
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - This case study of an undecided university student has two aims: to assess the effect of life design career counselling on... 相似文献
4.
The school closures owing to the 2020 COVID-19 crisis resulted in a significant disruption of education provision, leading to fears of learning losses and of an increase in educational inequality. This article evaluates the effects of school closures based on standardised tests in the last year of primary school in the Dutch-speaking Flemish region of Belgium. Using a 6-year panel, we find that students of the 2020 cohort experienced significant learning losses in three out of five tested subjects, with a decrease in school averages of mathematics scores of 0.17 standard deviations and Dutch scores (reading, writing, language) of 0.19 standard deviations as compared to previous cohorts. This finding holds when accounting for school characteristics, standardised tests in Grade 4 and school fixed effects. Given the large observed effect sizes, the effect of school closures appears to be a combination of lost learning progress and learning loss. Moreover, we observe that inequality both within schools and across schools rises by 7% for mathematics and 8% for Dutch. The learning losses are correlated with observed school characteristics, as schools with a more disadvantaged student population experience larger learning losses. 相似文献
5.
Valenzuela Viviana Aisenson Gabriela Duarte Maria Eduarda 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2022,22(3):689-711
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - This article presents results of a study examining the experience of a group of socially vulnerable teenagers integrated into a... 相似文献
6.
A proof is a connected sequence of assertions that includes a set of accepted statements, forms of reasoning and modes of representing arguments. Assuming reasoning to be central to proving and aiming to develop knowledge about how teacher actions may promote students’ mathematical reasoning, we conduct design research where whole-class mathematical discussions triggered by exploratory tasks play a key role. We take mathematical reasoning as making justified inferences and we consider generalizing and justifying central reasoning processes. Regarding teacher actions, we consider inviting, informing/suggesting, supporting/guiding and challenging actions can be identified in whole-class discussions. This paper presents design principles for an intervention geared to tackle such reasoning processes and focuses on a whole-class discussion on a grade 7 lesson about linear equations and functions. Data analysis concerns teacher actions in relation to design principles and to the sought mathematical reasoning processes. The conclusions highlight teacher actions that lead students to generalize and justify. Generalizations may arise from a central challenging action or from several guiding actions. Regarding justifications, a main challenging action seems to be essential, while follow-up guiding actions may promote a further development of this reasoning process. Thus, this paper provides a set of design principles and a characterization of teacher actions which enhance students’ mathematical reasoning processes such as generalization and justification. 相似文献
7.
Juliana FELGUEIRAS Joana Vieira SILVA Margarida FARDILHA 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,(1)
研究目的:这篇综述系统地阐述了前列腺癌的发生、发展、相关分子信号通路以及分子标志物用于前列腺癌的临床诊断和前列腺癌诊治所面临的挑战。重要结论:许多分子信号通路通过影响细胞生长、凋亡、血管生成等病理生理过程而参与了前列腺癌的起始、发生和发展。这些研究基础有助于寻找前列腺癌的肿瘤标志物和改进前列腺癌的治疗。虽然去势治疗是早期前列腺癌治疗的金标准,但是晚期的激素抵抗型前列腺癌(CRPC)的治疗仍面临着巨大的挑战。所幸的是,目前研究发现可以通过切断特异的蛋白-蛋白相互作用或者通过调节某些影响肿瘤生长和转移的关键分子来治疗前列腺癌,能减少传统治疗所带来的副作用;相关临床研究已开始实施。这些研究进展给前列腺癌的诊治带来了新的曙光。 相似文献
8.
Filipe J. Teixeira Catarina N. Matias Cristina P. Monteiro Maria J. Valamatos Joana F. Reis Ana Batista 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):802-810
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium: HMB-Ca and free acid: HMB-FA) and α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) are leucine metabolites that have been proposed to improve body composition and strength when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). In this double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial, we evaluated the effects of off-the-shelf supplements: α-HICA, HMB-FA and HMB-Ca, on RET-induced changes in body composition and performance. Forty men were blocked randomized to receive α-HICA (n?=?10, fat-free mass [FFM]?=?62.0?±?7.1?kg), HMB-FA (n?=?11, FFM?=?62.7?±?10.5?kg), HMB-Ca (n?=?9, FFM?=?65.6?±?10.1?kg) or placebo (PLA; n?=?10, FFM?=?64.2?±?5.7?kg). The training protocol consisted of a whole-body resistance training routine, thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW) by whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), both at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time-dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM (p?相似文献
9.
Vanessa Otero Joana V. Pinto Leslie Carlyle Márcia Vilarigues Marine Cotte 《文物保护研究》2017,62(3):123-149
The Winsor & NewtonTM (W&N) nineteenth century archive database includes digitised images of hand-written instructions and workshop notes for the manufacture of their artists’ materials. For the first time, all 183 production records for yellow lead chromate pigments were studied and evaluated. They revealed that W&N produced essentially three pigment types: lemon/pale based on mixed crystals of lead chromate and lead sulphate [Pb(Cr,S)O4]; middle on pure monoclinic lead chromate [PbCrO4]; and deep that contains the latter admixed with basic lead chromate [Pb2CrO5]; accounting for 53, 22, and 21% of the production, respectively. Production records for primrose (4%) were also included since the formulation results in mixed crystals with a high percentage of lead sulphate, which, according to the literature, leaves it more prone to degradation. Each pigment type is characterised by only one or two main synthetic pathways; process variations reveal a systematic and thorough search for a high-quality durable product. A comparison of the chemical composition of pigment reconstructions with early W&N oil paint tubes showed that their records entitled ‘pale’ and ‘lemon’ correlated with the pigment in their tube labelled chrome yellow and, ‘middle’ and ‘deep’ with the label chrome deep. Lemon and middle pigment formulations were made into oil paints to assess their relative photo-stability. The degradation process was followed by colorimetry and was studied by synchrotron radiation-based techniques. Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, the possibility for creating a stability index for chrome yellows is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Soares Joana do Céu Taveira Maria de Oliveira Marina Cardoso Oliveira Íris Martins Melo-Silva Lucy Leal 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2021,21(3):507-529
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - The career adaptation model helps to explain the process of transitioning from university to employment among college students. This... 相似文献