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Faces Do Not Capture Special Attention in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Change Blindness Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yukiko Kikuchi Atsushi Senju Yoshikuni Tojo Hiroo Osanai Toshikazu Hasegawa 《Child development》2009,80(5):1421-1433
Two experiments investigated attention of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to faces and objects. In both experiments, children (7- to 15-year-olds) detected the difference between 2 visual scenes. Results in Experiment 1 revealed that typically developing children ( n = 16) detected the change in faces faster than in objects, whereas children with ASD ( n = 16) were equally fast in detecting changes in faces and objects. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 ( n = 16 in children with ASD and 22 in typically developing children), which does not require face recognition skill. Results suggest that children with ASD lack an attentional bias toward others' faces, which could contribute to their atypical social orienting. 相似文献
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We have conducted a study to: (1) verify the exhaustiveness of pooling for the purpose of constructing a large-scale test collection, and (2) examine whether a difference in the number of pool documents can affect the relative evaluation of IR systems. We carried out the experiments using search topics, their relevance assessments, and the search results that were submitted for both the pre-test and test of the first NTCIR Workshop.Our results verified the efficiency and the effectiveness of the pooling method, the exhaustiveness of the relevance assessments, and the reliability of the evaluation using the test collection based on the pooling method. 相似文献
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砂冈和子 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2003,(2):154-159
本将现台湾傅斯年图书馆藏敦煌写卷《降魔变》与罗振玉先生印入《敦煌零拾》的录进行重新对校，从而保留现存原卷的面貌。同时又以罗藏本真迹字，对《降魔变》的本研究作了新的补充。 相似文献
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Nílson Kunioshi Judy Noguchi Kazuko Tojo Hiroko Hayashi 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2016,41(3):293-303
As English-medium instruction (EMI) spreads around the world, university teachers and students who are non-native speakers of English (NNS) need to put much effort into the delivery or reception of content. Construction of scientific meaning in the process of learning is already complex when instruction is delivered in the first language of the teachers and students, and may become even more challenging in a second language, because science education depends greatly on language. In order to identify important pedagogical functions that teachers use to deliver content and to present different ways to realise each function, a corpus of lectures related to science and engineering courses was created and analysed. NNS teachers and students in science and engineering involved in EMI higher education can obtain insights for delivering and listening to lectures from the Online Corpus of Academic Lectures (OnCAL). 相似文献
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In fixed order quantity systems,uncertainty in lead time is expressed as a set of scenarios with occurrence probabilities,and the mean and variance in demand distribution are supposed to be changeable according to a known pattern.A new concept of ＂dynamic robust optimal reorder point＂ is proposed in this paper and its value is calculated as a ＂robust optimal reorder point function with respect to reorder time＂.Two approaches were employed in determining the dynamic optimal reorder point.The first is a shortage rate satisfaction approach and the second is a backorder cost minimization approach.The former aims at finding the minimum value of reorder point at each reorder time which satisfies the condition that the cumulative distribution function （CDF） of shortage rate under a given set of scenarios in lead time is greater than or equal to a basic CDF of shortage rate predetermined by a decision-maker.In the latter approach,the CDF of closeness of reorder point is defined at each reorder time to express how close to the optimal reorder points under the set of scenarios,and the dynamic optimal reorder point is defined according to stochastic ordering.Some numerical examples demonstrate the features of these dynamic robust optimal reorder points. 相似文献
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Does Gaze Direction Modulate Facial Expression Processing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Hironori Akechi Atsushi Senju Yukiko Kikuchi Yoshikuni Tojo Hiroo Osanai Toshikazu Hasegawa 《Child development》2009,80(4):1134-1146
Two experiments investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) integrate relevant communicative signals, such as gaze direction, when decoding a facial expression. In Experiment 1, typically developing children (9–14 years old; n = 14) were faster at detecting a facial expression accompanying a gaze direction with a congruent motivational tendency (i.e., an avoidant facial expression with averted eye gaze) than those with an incongruent motivational tendency. Children with ASD (9–14 years old; n = 14) were not affected by the gaze direction of facial stimuli. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2, which presented only the eye region of the face to typically developing children ( n = 10) and children with ASD ( n = 10). These results demonstrated that children with ASD do not encode and/or integrate multiple communicative signals based on their affective or motivational tendency. 相似文献
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Kazuko Otsu 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2000,20(1):53-62
Civics and Social Studies are subjects the Japanese Ministry of Education has designated for civics education in schools. The ‘Courses of Study’ for these subjects, drawn up by the Ministry of Education, list the desired objectives and contents of all Civics‐related courses. The purpose of this article is to analyze the values promoted in the two levels of the civics education curriculum, namely the ‘Courses of Study’ and the approved textbooks. These are analyzed with reference to eight categories, which are: civic life, social cohesion/ diversity, democracy, fair government, economic life, self cultivation, national identity and internationalism. 相似文献
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