The collective consciousness of effective groups of researchers is characterized by shared understandings of their research object or territory. In this study, we adopted a phenomenographic approach to investigate information technology (IT) research, and its objects and territories, as they are constituted in the experience of IT researchers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with researchers representing different sub‐disciplines. Analysis revealed the variation in meaning associated with the idea of IT research; and the awareness structures through which participants experience variation in ways of seeing the object and territories of IT research. Eight ways of seeing IT research were found. The outcomes of our project appear to make visible the changes and developments that are an essential part of the character and experience of contemporary IT research. 相似文献
Whereas cognitive and linguistic factors for learning to read have been extensively studied, less is known about affective factors including children’s attitudes toward reading. Studies primarily from English-speaking and Western countries show gradual declines in reading attitudes in elementary school (McKenna et al., Reading Research Quarterly 30:626–639, 1995) and a positive association between reading attitudes and achievement (Petscher, Journal of Research in Reading 33:335–355, 2010). Children from Asian and African countries are underrepresented in this literature; whether these patterns can be generalized across cultures needs further investigation. This longitudinal study examined the reading attitudes of 84 children in Vietnam from grades 1 to 2 and their relations to reading performance, as measured by translated and adapted versions of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey and Early Grade Reading Assessment, respectively. This sample from Vietnam showed a small decline in reading attitudes over time, particularly in attitudes toward academic reading. However, children on average reported feeling happy about reading in both grades. Correlations revealed different patterns of association between reading attitudes and performance based on the reading measure employed, grade level, and type of reading in question (academic versus recreational). In grade 2, reading attitudes explained unique variance in reading comprehension even after text fluency and mother’s education were considered. We present a margins plot to visualize the role of reading attitudes on reading comprehension. We discuss educational implications and future directions.
Zebra finch song behavior is sexually dimorphic: males sing and females do not. The neural system underlying this behavior is sexually dimorphic, and this sex difference is easy to quantify. During development, the zebra finch song system can be altered by steroid hormones, specifically estradiol, which actually masculinizes it. Because of the ease of quantification and experimental manipulation, the zebra finch song system has great potential for use in undergraduate labs. Unfortunately, the underlying costs prohibit use of this system in undergraduate labs. Further, the time required to perform a developmental study renders such undertakings unrealistic within a single academic term. We have overcome these barriers by creating digital tools, including an image library of song nuclei from zebra finch brains. Students using this library replicate and extend a published experiment examining the dose of estradiol required to masculinize the female zebra finch brain. We have used this library for several terms, and students not only obtain significant experimental results but also make gains in understanding content, experimental controls, and inferential statistics (analysis of variance and post hoc tests). We have provided free access to these digital tools at the following website: http://mdcune.psych.ucla.edu/modules/birdsong. 相似文献
In this paper, a decision model is presented for the sales of software product to determine the profit and marketing policy under the influence of promotional efforts. The paper focuses on dependence of the optimal profit on the promotional efforts when there is diffusion effect of demand on the sales function. An elaborate optimization policy considering the dynamic nature of production cost function is proposed and numerical example is illustrated. The paper also studies the behavior of the future profit and its impact on profit maximization model by considering the constant price during the entire planning horizon. The experimental results greatly help us to identify the contributions of each selected parameter and its weight. Some conclusions, limitations of this study and future direction are also discussed. 相似文献
Educational Research for Policy and Practice - This paper is motivated by the ongoing debate on university reform in Vietnam. In particular, there is a need to quantify the level of governmental... 相似文献
Web-spinning activity ofAchaearanea tepidarortum (Koch) was observed in relation to amount of prior feeding, hours of food deprivation, and the number of flies (Drosophila melanogaster) available in the animal’s environment. Web spinning was positively related to the number of flies consumed in a 24-h period prior to testing, but did not vary significantly between 24 and 72 h of food deprivation. The amount of available food in the environment was positively related to web-spinning activity during a 48-h test period. 相似文献
The Menispermaceae is a well-known alkaloid-rich family within the flowering
plants. Because of the therapeutic value and pharmacological actions of the alkaloids,
contents of its members it has, besides taxonomists also attracted the attention of
chemists, pharmacists and other research workers. In the present work, the menisper-
maceous medicinal plants of this country are dealt with from their taxonomical, phy-
tochemical and therapeutic aspects.
As a result of our preliminary study, out of 18 genera with some 70 species so
far found in China, 15 genera with 51 species and 2 varieties are known to possess
medicinal value, of which some are famous Chinese drugs, viz. Stephania tetrandra S.
Moore (粉防己), Tinospora callipes Gagnep. (金果榄), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.)
Rehd. et Wils. (青藤); some are important folk remedies, e.g. Archangelisia loureirii
(Pierre) Diels (古山龙), Stephania cepharantha Hayata (金线吊乌龟); and some are
raw materials for the preparation of medicines, e.g. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. for
tetrahydropalmatine, Stephania sinica Diels for rotundine, etc.
After a careful taxonomic examination, two new species, Cocculus mokaingensis
Lien, Pericampelos omeiensis Lien, are found and herewith discribed.
Isoquinoline alkaloids are widely distributed in the whole family. The Trib.
Aniamirteae consisting of genus Arcangelisia, the Trib. Fibraureae consisting of
genera Tinomiscium and Fibraurea, as well as the Trib. Tinosporeae consisting of
genera Tinospora and Parabaena are charaterized by the presence of proberberine
alkaloids, e.g. berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, etc. and such
alkaloid-bearing plants are commonly used as antiperiodic, antidote, antibiotic, anti-
malarial, etc. On the other hand, the Trib. Menispermeae elaborates mainly
bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids, and these plants are usually used in the treatment
of rheumatism, and often as an anodyne, diuretic etc. To facilitate identification, 10 plates are here provided. 相似文献