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Madhav Gadgil 《Resonance》1996,1(4):15-22
Living organisms continually evolve to occupy newer environmental regimes. In the process they develop more complex structures and grow to larger sizes. They also evolve more intricate ways of relating to each other. The larger, more complex organisms do not replace the simpler, smaller ones, rather they come to coexist with them in increasingly complex ecosystems. This promotes a continual increase in the diversity of life over evolutionary time. 相似文献
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Madhav Gadgil 《Resonance》1996,1(8):16-21
With rare exceptions, each sexually reproduced individual is endowed with a distinctive genetic constitution. Nevertheless living organisms share many genes, the greatest level of sharing characterizing those belonging to the same species. The total number of such species is unknown, but probably exceeds ten million, the vast majority of them being small invertebrate animals. 相似文献
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Siddhartha Gadgil 《Resonance》2005,10(4):22-31
Shiing-Shen Chern was one of the great mathematicians of the twentieth century, and a towering figure in the field of differential
geometry, where one studiescurvatures of spaces. In this article we give the reader a glimpse into differential geometry and the work of Chern. 相似文献
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Pratham’s “Read India” initiative is a large-scale intervention to improve basic learning and arithmetic among children in primary school. It was started almost 10 years ago and has evolved considerably over time. Currently, this initiative uses two strategies. The first strategy is to work directly with village communities and local schools to improve children’s learning. “Learning camps” are organized in the local school or community for a period of 6–10 days at a time. Local village volunteers help to teach children who are organized in groups by their level of learning. These camps—intensive bursts of focused instruction—are repeated several times during the year. This model which has been rigourously evaluated shows that children’s learning levels improve significantly. The second strategy is to work with the government. This approach is used when school systems want to partner or collaborate with Pratham for improving basic learning. The key element here too is grouping children and teaching them from their level rather than by their grade. This approach also shows promising results. Independent evaluations and randomized control trials conducted on both models have indicated significant impact. Moving between the present set of conditions in India and past lessons, this case describes a decade-long journey of efforts to change teaching and learning at the ground level as well the efforts to bring about significant shifts in priority at the system level. The “Read India” case presented here contributes knowledge on strategies under which effective pedagogy can be brought to scale. It also discusses challenges of transforming instructional change in a context of low initial capacity at the school and system levels, where attention to rapid expansion of access to school had kept aside for a long time critical questions about teaching quality and learning outcomes. A second contribution of “Read India” to current knowledge on large-scale educational change relates to the role non-government actors such as Pratham can play in bringing effective pedagogy to scale to improve student learning. 相似文献
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Abdul Samad Aziz Madhav Govind Kalekar Adinath Narayan Suryakar Tabita Benjamin Milsee Jaya Prakashan Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed Mehmood Sayyad 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(4):374-380
The present study aims to assess and compare the biochemical oxidative stress markers in male smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. One hundred thirty-four male chronic periodontitis patients and 64 apparently healthy male volunteers were recruited for the study. The periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, plaque index, papillary bleeding index and clinical attachment loss using UNC-15 probe. The biochemical markers estimated were total antioxidant capacity, RBC-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein. The obtained results indicate higher oxidative stress in chronic periodontitis. Smokers with chronic periodontitis show significantly higher periodontal clinical parameters and relatively higher systemic oxidative stress. Vitamin C estimation may be an important biochemical parameter in conjunction with clinical parameters for diagnosis of chronic periodontitis in smokers. 相似文献
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Research on teaching and learning in condensed-course formats is varied and difficult to generalize. We analyze this research and identify factors that may account for the varied findings. Additionally, we present a mixed methodology study of 20 matched-pair courses (i.e., full and condensed formats) from 11 disciplines which examines student learning and student and faculty perception data. We find that faculty and students perceive condensed courses as more effective, but that student learning varies depending upon the measures used to assess it. We conclude by considering the implications of our study for teaching and assessment practices. 相似文献
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Rukmini Banerji Madhav Chavan Usha Rane 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2005,12(2):177-190
This paper traces the philosophical and programmatic evolution of Pratham's accelerated reading programme ‘Read India’. It outlines the experiences that led to the development of the accelerated reading technique and the organizational contexts in which this approach has been played out. 相似文献