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Mervi Kaukko 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(2):177-193
This article discusses the possibilities and the challenges of conducting participatory action research (PAR) with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and youth. Drawing from a PAR project with 12 unaccompanied asylum-seeking girls in a Finnish reception centre, the paper explores the P, A and R of PAR asking the following questions: what kind of participation is relevant in such a challenging phase of life, being in a new society without families; what is ‘good’ action in these circumstances; and, finally, what is the involvement of the children in conducting the research when they find the practical end product clearly more interesting? The results show that as a flexible and child-centred research method, PAR can be used to promote the participation of children and youth in a reception centre. However, participation in research should not be mandatory: unaccompanied children who have often had too many responsibilities and inadequate protection in the past desire to be assured that it is the adults’ responsibility to make the right decisions concerning the improvements of the children’s lives. 相似文献
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Manufacturing technologies for making advanced micro systems have been developing in a rapid pace recently. Research progress towards nanosized structures and devices opens up a whole new horizon for miniaturized system integration. Advances in this field will have an enormous societal impact and economic benefit in areas such as information technology, energy, healthcare, and many more. There has been an enormous scientific and industrial interest in nanosized advanced technologies. The theories, tools and practices for the design, manufacturing and test of these systems are emerging. The aim of this special section is to capture some of the latest developments in integration technologies for the micro/nanosystems, with the following topics： Molecular and crystal assembly inside the carbon nanotube： encapsulation and manufacturing approachesElectroplating for high aspect ratio vias in PCB manufacturing： enhancement capabilities of acoustic streaming Local synthesis of carbon nanotubes for direct integra tion in Si microsystemsdesign considerations Waferlevel SLID bonding for MEMS encapsulation Effect of substrates and underlayer on CNT synthesis by plasma enhanced CVD These papers will briefly highlight important advance ments in manufacturing technologies of the micro/nano systems, and outline the blueprint of upcoming information technology revolution from the manufacturing point of view. 相似文献
3.
Risto Leinonen Mervi A. Asikainen Pekka E. Hirvonen 《Research in Science Education》2012,42(6):1165-1182
This study focuses on second-year university students?? explanations and reasoning related to adiabatic compression of an ideal gas. The phenomenon was new to the students, but it was one which they should have been capable of explaining using their previous upper secondary school knowledge. The students?? explanations and reasoning were investigated with the aid of paper and pencil tests (n?=?86) and semi-structured interviews (n?=?5) at the start of a thermal physics course at the University of Eastern Finland. The paper and pencil test revealed that the students had difficulties in applying content taught during earlier education in a new context: only a few of them were able to produce a correct explanation for the phenomenon. A majority of the students used either explanations with invalid but physically correct models, such as the ideal gas law or a microscopic model, or erroneous dependencies between quantities. The results also indicated that students had problems in seeing deficiencies or inconsistencies in their reasoning, in both test and interview situations. We suggest in our conclusion that the contents of upper secondary school thermal physics courses should be carefully examined to locate the best emphases for different laws, principles, concepts, and models. In particular, the limitations of models should be made explicit in teaching and students should be guided towards critical scientific thinking, including metaconceptual awareness. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to characterise thoroughly the differences between Physics Olympiad competitors' and regular students' successes and approaches in relation to counterintuitive dynamics problems (CDPs) in order to discover some of the differences between skilled problem-solvers and those with fewer such skills. A total of 23 Physics Olympiad competitors were found by snowball sampling, while 40 regular students were selected by means of convenience sampling to participate in this study. To compare the students' solutions, we ran through six CDP of low, medium, and high difficulty. Students' responses were analysed by means of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings indicate that Olympians are much more successful and careful in handling CDP than regular students. On the other hand, regular students' challenges were often associated with a superficial problem-solving approach and with inadequate analysis of the problem. It can be concluded that, when compared to regular students, expert students' in-depth analysis resulted in greater successes and more efficient approaches in solving counterintuitive problems. Hence, it may be claimed that, with the use of counterintuitive problems, teaching and assessment practices may be developed to help students advance to higher hierarchical categories of problem-solving. 相似文献
6.
The crisis in Ukraine has accentuated the position of Russian television as the government’s strongest asset in its information warfare. The internet, however, allows other players to challenge the Kremlin’s narrative by providing counter-narratives and debunking distorted information and fake images. Accounting for the new media ecology—through which strategic narratives are created and interpreted, this article scrutinizes the narratives of allegedly fake news on Channel One, perceiving the fabricated stories as extreme projections of Russia’s strategic narratives, and the attempts of the Ukrainian fact-checking website Stopfake.org to counter the Russian narrative by refuting misinformation and exposing misleading images about Ukraine. Secondly, it analyses how Twitter users judged the veracity of these news stories and contributed to the perpetuation of strategic narratives. 相似文献
7.
Ville Nivalainen Mervi A. Asikainen Kari Sormunen Pekka E. Hirvonen 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2010,21(4):393-409
Practical work in school science plays many essential roles that have been discussed in the literature. However, less attention
has been paid to how teachers learn the different roles of practical work and to the kind of challenges they face in their
learning during laboratory courses designed for teachers. In the present study we applied the principles of grounded theory
to frame a set of factors that seem to set major challenges concerning both successful work in the school physics laboratory
and also in the preparation of lessons that exploit practical work. The subject groups of the study were preservice and inservice
physics teachers who participated in a school laboratory course. Our results derived from a detailed analysis of tutoring
discussions between the instructor and the participants in the course, which revealed that the challenges in practical or
laboratory work consisted of the limitations of the laboratory facilities, an insufficient knowledge of physics, problems
in understanding instructional approaches, and the general organization of practical work. Based on these findings, we present
our recommendations on the preparation of preservice and inservice teachers for the more effective use of practical work in
school science and in school physics. 相似文献
8.
This article examines Finnish cooperating physics teachers’ conceptions of teacher knowledge in physics. Six experienced teachers
were interviewed. The data was analyzed to form categories concerning the basis of teacher knowledge, and the tradition of
German Didaktik and Shulman’s theory of teacher knowledge were used in order to understand the results. The results show that
the teachers strongly emphasize knowledge related to day-to-day teaching practice. In German Didaktik, this means knowledge
of the best instructional methods, while in Shulman’s categorization it belongs to the category of representations, strategies,
and methods. It was also found that the teachers appear to lack some of the essential key ideas of modern physics teacher
education, such as a holistic view of instructional approaches. 相似文献
9.
Ville Nivalainen Mervi A. Asikainen Pekka E. Hirvonen 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2013,24(3):449-474
This study has investigated the use of an open guided inquiry laboratory course in which a group of pre-service teachers planned and implemented practical work for school purposes. A total of 32 pre-service teachers (physics, mathematics, and chemistry majors) participated in the study. Each participant wrote a reflective essay after completing the course, and three pre-service teachers were interviewed four times during the course. The results show that the use of an open guided inquiry environment provides support for pre-service teachers to discover the limits of their understanding of subject matter knowledge, allowing them to construct knowledge in a different kind of environment from any they had possessed previously, and helping them to understand the possibilities of practical work in teaching. In the course of developing their competence in these aspects, pre-service teachers also gain an understanding of various aspects of teachers’ knowledge. 相似文献
10.
Mervi Taalas 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1997,21(4):335-353
This paper examines the structure of the production of cultural services by using a generalised cost function and a panel data set of theatres. The main points of interest are: first, whether the production of theatrical performances is allocatively efficient, second, whether underlying production technology exhibits homotheticity with respect to output, and third, whether there exist economic gains from large scale production. The results of the analysis suggest that inputs are not combined in optimal proportions in light of prevailing market prices, that relative shares of input utilisation vary when output expands, and that there are scale economies in the production of theatrical performances. 相似文献