Science has been and is an important tool in the construction of theworld view of modern man. There are also others, such as differentreligions. Although the Christian church has had to yield in manydisputes about world-views and philosophies of life, science doesnot seem to have superseded religion. The same also applies to themagic-occult tradition which is supported by numerous occultistmovements and sometimes even the media. From the viewpoint ofscience education, it is interesting to examine to what extent, if at all,the future educators of our children believe in claims presented inscientific, religious and magic-occult connections. Do we find anydifferences between the credibility estimates? Are there any differencesbetween primary teacher students raised in different societies andeducated in different school systems? How do the credibility estimatesrelate to each other? To answer these questions, data was collected bya questionnaire from Finnish, Estonian and Michigan primary teacherstudents. The paper presents the most important results and discussesshortly their significance from the viewpoint of science education.
To promote students’ value-based agency, responsible science and sustainability, science education must address how students think about their personal and collective futures. However, research has shown that young people find it difficult to fully relate to the future and its possibilities, and few studies have focused on the potential of science education to foster futures thinking and agency. We report on a project that further explored this potential by developing future-oriented science courses drawing on the field of futures studies. Phenomenographic analysis was used on interview data to see what changes upper-secondary school students saw in their futures perceptions and agentic orientations after attending a course which adapted futures thinking skills in the context of quantum computing and technological approaches to global problems. The results show students perceiving the future and technological development as more positive but also more unpredictable, seeing their possibilities for agency as clearer and more promising (especially by identifying with their peers or aspired career paths), and feeling a deeper connection to the otherwise vague idea of futures. Students also felt they had learned to question deterministic thinking and to think more creatively about their own lives as well as technological and non-technological solutions to global problems. Both quantum physics and futures thinking opened new perspectives on uncertainty and probabilistic thinking. Our results provide further validation for a future-oriented approach to science education, and highlight essential synergies between futures thinking skills, agency, and authentic socio-scientific issues in developing science education for the current age.
The Common Core State Standards Initiative has placed an increased focus on mathematics and English language arts. A relationship between physical activity and academic achievement is evident, but research on integration of academic subjects with physical education is still unclear. This literature review examined databases for the years 2004–2013, focusing on physical education or physical activity and core academic subjects for school-aged youth. 23 studies were found that focused on integration and physical education that met the inclusion criteria. These were from 16 different publication outlets, ranging in research methods, country, and population. This review provides information on the status of integration and physical education. Since classroom teachers are increasingly being encouraged to incorporate core subjects with physical activity into their classes, it would be appropriate for physical educators to understand the desired outcomes of integration of core subjects before attempting its implementation. 相似文献
Two experiments explored the relationship between 15‐16‐year‐old ninth‐formers’ working memory (WM) capacity and school achievement. In the first experiment, WM capacity was measured administering complex WM span tests on 107 subjects. These measures correlated highly significantly with performance in four school subjects: mathematics, foreign language, Finnish (native language) and geography. In the second experiment, additional WM tasks were used to measure two WM components: the phonological loop and the central executive component as suggested by Baddeley (1986). The tasks that were assumed to measure the central executive were strongly linked to performance in school subjects. Maximally, they shared 31 % of the variance with school achievement. Partial correlations showed that digit span correlated, independently of the central executive measures, with performance in foreign language. This result suggested that the phonological loop is specifically related to foreign language learning. The relationship between WM and the general intelligence factor g is discussed. 相似文献
Within the cognitive load theory framework, we designed and compared three alternative instructional solution formats that
can be derived from a common static hierarchical network representation depicting problem structure. The interactive-solution
format permitted students to search in self-controlled manner for solution steps, static-solution format displayed all solutions
steps, and no-solution format did not have solution steps. When we matched instructional time across the formats, in relation
to the complex molarity problems rather than the dilution problems, differential transfer performance existed between the
static-solution or no-solution formats and the interactive-solution format, but not between the static-solution format and
no-solution format. The manner in which learners interact with the static-solution and no-solution formats depends on their
level of expertise in the chemistry domain. With considerable learner expertise, provision of solution steps may be redundant
incurring extraneous cognitive load. Absence of the solution steps may not have left sufficient cognitive capacity for germane
cognitive load as some beginning learners lacked the prior knowledge to deduce the solution steps. Searching for solution
steps presumably incurred extraneous cognitive load which interfered with learning and hence, in the interactive-solution
format, it outweighed the benefit of engaging in self-regulated interaction with the content. Hence, cognitive load theory
is a promising tool to predict the mental load associated with learning from the three alternative computer-based instructional
formats. 相似文献
AbstractThis study analysed the first stance phase joint kinetics of three elite sprinters to improve the understanding of technique and investigate how individual differences in technique could influence the resulting levels of performance. Force (1000 Hz) and video (200 Hz) data were collected and resultant moments, power and work at the stance leg metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP), ankle, knee and hip joints were calculated. The MTP and ankle joints both exhibited resultant plantarflexor moments throughout stance. Whilst the ankle joint generated up to four times more energy than it absorbed, the MTP joint was primarily an energy absorber. Knee extensor resultant moments and power were produced throughout the majority of stance, and the best-performing sprinter generated double and four times the amount of knee joint energy compared to the other two sprinters. The hip joint extended throughout stance. Positive hip extensor energy was generated during early stance before energy was absorbed at the hip as the resultant moment became flexor-dominant towards toe-off. The generation of energy at the ankle appears to be of greater importance than in later phases of a sprint, whilst knee joint energy generation may be vital for early acceleration and is potentially facilitated by favourable kinematics at touchdown. 相似文献
When rating scales are used in different countries, thorough investigation of the psychometric properties is needed. We examined the internal structure of the Finnish translated Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 (BERS-2) using Rasch and confirmatory factor analysis approaches with a sample of youth, parents, and teachers. The results suggested that the Finnish translated BERS-2 has acceptable measurement properties and is suitable for use in Finnish schools. Results highlighted the issue that there is a need to consider cross-cultural aspects when introducing new measures in another culture. Directions for future research are also discussed in light of present findings. 相似文献
A pilot study concerning Finnish dyslexics at senior high school (lukio), for 16–19-year-olds, is reported. The phonological processing deficit was assumed to underlie dyslexia in these late teenage subjects. The regular nature of Finnish orthography was taken into consideration. Four tasks were introduced to a total of 32 students, of whom 15 were dyslexics and 17 were controls. The controls outperformed the dyslexics on three tasks: text recoding, pseudoword recoding and pseudoword spelling. On the text spelling task, both groups performed equally well. In the correlational analysis of all subjects, both recoding tasks showed high correlations with selfestimated school achievement in language-related subjects. The recoding time appeared to be more important than the number of reading errors. These preliminary results suggest that the three tasks, capable of discriminating dyslexics, might be useful in the development of an adult dyslexia test in Finnish. 相似文献
This study explored the value of providing Introductory Accounting distance education students with feedback via a computer‐based learning (CBL) package modelled on teacher dialogue. CBL provided tightly focussed feedback without increasing the materials’ complexity ('element interactivity'), and without redundant feedback, while ensuring the learners engaged with the materials at an optimal ('germane') mental processing level. The CBL feedback provided verification and elaboration at key points. The CBL was used to complement written learning materials. The students using CBL performed significantly better than the total group. The students found the CBL materials useful, but ranked the written materials higher than CBL. Both student preferences and learning results indicated the value of CBL feedback. 相似文献
