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Around 1960, the politics of the emerging media society in Sweden tended to fixate the formative functions of mass communication. The monopoly of public service broadcast media, press subsidies and new tendencies in film policy were some of the issues around which uncertainty prevailed. New methods to provide reliable data were sought by politicians, since empirical facts were required as arguments for an updated media policy. This article examines the different ways that the field of media studies was introduced in Sweden between 1960 and 1980. We argue that Swedish academic media studies departed from, and emerged within, a rather diffuse borderland between industry, politics and academia. The formation of national media research in Sweden can partly be seen as an effect of politicians and the media industry wanting to be better informed on issues such as media influence, media ownership and the habits and composition of the media audience. 相似文献
2.
Malena Lidar Martin Karlberg Jonas Almqvist Leif Östman Eva Lundqvist 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2018,62(5):754-768
Our main interest in this article is to explore whether Swedish teachers changed their teaching and assessment practices in relation to the new national tests in science education that were introduced 2009. Data was collected using a web-distributed questionnaire, which was answered by 407 teachers. The concept of teaching traditions is used to capture patterns of what is emphasized by teachers in terms of goals and content in teaching and the design of the questionnaire was based on the concept of curriculum emphases. The results show two distinct groups of focus, which are compared with two traditions within science education: the Academic and the Moral tradition. The main content where teaching has been changed is in making science more applied than before, where applied not only means the application of science knowledge to practical technical issues, but also to moral and political issues. 相似文献
3.
Road cycling performance is dependent on race tactics and pacing strategy. To optimise the pacing strategy for any race performed with no drafting, a numerical model was introduced, one that solves equations of motion while minimising the finishing time by varying the power output along the course. The power output was constrained by two different hydraulic models: the simpler critical power model for intermittent exercise (CPIE) and the more sophisticated Margaria–Morton model (M–M). These were compared with a constant power strategy (CPS). The simulation of the three different models was carried out on a fictional 75 kg cyclist, riding a 2,000 m course. This resulted in finishing times of 162.4, 155.8 and 159.3 s and speed variances of 0.58, 0.26 and 0.29 % for the CPS, CPIE and M–M simulations, respectively. Furthermore, the average power output was 469.7, 469.7 and 469.1 W for the CPS, CPIE and M–M simulations, respectively. The M–M model takes more physiological phenomena into consideration compared to the CPIE model and, therefore, contributes to an optimised pacing strategy that is more realistic. Therefore, the M–M model might be more suitable for future studies on optimal pacing strategy, despite the relatively slower finishing time. 相似文献
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The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) is one of the most frequently used instruments when assessing competitive state anxiety in sport psychology research. However, doubts have been expressed about the factorial validity of both the English and the Greek versions of the scale. Hence, a revised version of the inventory (CSAI-2R) has recently been suggested to be more psychometrically sound (Cox et al., 2003). In the present study, the aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the CSAI-2 using confirmatory factor analyses. A total of 969 athletes (571 men and 398 women) competing in 26 different sports completed the Swedish version of the CSAI-2. Three different factor structures were evaluated: the original three-factor model (with cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence), a two-factor model in which self-confidence was excluded, and a three-factor model containing 17 items (CSAI-2R). The results revealed that only the 17-item model displayed an acceptable fit to the data. Although some doubts remain about the amount of variance that can be attributed to error variance in the subscales, the results suggest that it is better to use the CSAI-2R rather than the original CSAI-2. 相似文献
6.
Mats Ekström Monika Djerf-Pierre Bengt Johansson Nicklas Håkansson 《Journalism Practice》2016,10(8):983-1004
News interviews are contexts in which political responsibilities are articulated and negotiated. Although the accountability interview is recognized as a commonsense practice in journalism, and the research on political interviews is substantial, it partly remains to explore how responsibilities are negotiated in different forms of questioning in journalism. This study investigates three generic forms of questioning: accountability questioning, the clarifying of promises, and the principal assessments. Key features of the different forms are specified. The empirical study investigates how the questionings are performed in news on industrial crises in Sweden, in the different political regimes in the 1970s and the 2000s. The data consist of 27 news interviews with the formally responsible Ministers. The method is based on Conversation Analysis and includes detailed analyses of questions and answers. The study shows (1) how the forms of questioning differ when it comes to the action agenda and in how responsibilities are invoked and negotiated; (2) how the questionings tend to reproduce particular expectations of Governmental interventions; (3) how increased assertiveness and adversarialness in interviewing coincide with reduced expectations of political responsibilities. 相似文献
7.
Jesper Bruun Mats Lindahl Cedric Linder 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2019,42(3):317-339
ABSTRACTA new methodology is proposed for qualitative discourse analysis (QDA) aimed at gaining enhanced insights into learning possibilities and indicators that arise during classroom group discussions. The constitution of this new methodology has two principle components: a discourse analysis approach that aims to identify the relationships between content and group dynamics; and a network analysis (NA) approach that uses the same data to identify meaning-related structural dynamics found in the data. The proposed methodology pairs these two components to create a supplementary iterative interchange that facilitates the attainment of greater analytic insights than are achievable by either of the two components individually. The critical aspects of the methodology are illustrated and discussed using real classroom data in ways that provide a procedural exemplar. The strengths and limitations of the proposed methodology are also discussed. 相似文献
8.
Ali Bikmoradi Mats Brommels Alireza Shoghli Davoud Khorasani Zavareh Italo Masiello 《Higher Education》2009,57(4):417-427
In Iran, restructuring of medical education and the health care delivery system in 1985 resulted in a rapid shift from elite
to mass education, ultimately leading to an increase in the number of medical schools, faculties, and programs and as well
as some complications. This study aimed to investigate views on academic culture, values, and routines held by faculty members.
A nation-wide survey conducted in six public medical schools in Iran. The research findings show weak organizational culture
and values, together with routine behaviors sensed as a negative and low satisfaction with academic leadership. The research
evidence suggests bureaucracy, politicization, conservativeness, and centralization as common features of medical schools
in Iran and also suggests suitable supervisory skills to tackle the tension between governmental management and academic leadership
with cultural changes, the creation of new values, and adoption more efficient routines. 相似文献
9.
Mats Gunnar Lindahl 《Science & Education》2010,19(9):867-894
Two important roles of education are to provide students with knowledge for their democratic participation in society and
to provide knowledge for a future profession. In science education, students encounter values that may be in conflict with
their worldview. Such conflicts may, for example, lead to constructive reflections as well as rejection of scientific knowledge
and technology. Students’ ways of reasoning are important starting points for discussing problematic issues and may be crucial
for constructive dialogues in the classroom. This study investigates students’ reasoning about conflicting values concerning
the human-animal relationship exemplified by the use of genetically modified pigs as organ donors for xenotransplantation.
Students’ reasoning is analyzed using Giddens’ concepts of disembedded and embedded practices in parallel with moral philosophical
theories in a framework based on human-animal relationships. Thirteen students were interviewed and their stances categorized.
Kantian deontological and classical utilitarian ethics were found within the patronage and the partnership models. These students
appreciated expert knowledge but those using the partnership model could not accept xenotransplantation if pigs were to be
killed. Students using care ethics did not appreciate expert knowledge since it threatened naturalness. The results suggest
that stances against the use of scientific knowledge are more problematic than knowledge per se, and that conflicting stances
have similarities that present opportunities for understanding and development of students’ argumentation skills for future
participation in societal discourse on utilizing expert knowledge. Furthermore it is argued that science education could benefit
from a higher awareness of the presence of different morals. 相似文献
10.
The aim of this article is to make a close case study of one teacher’s teaching in relation to established traditions within
science education in Sweden. The teacher’s manner of teaching is analysed with the help of an epistemological move analysis.
The moves made by the teacher are then compared in a context of educational philosophy and selective tradition. In the analyses
the focus is to study the process of teaching and learning in action in institutionalised and socially shared practices. The
empirical material consists of video recordings of four lessons with the same group of students and the same teacher. The
students are all in Year 7 in a Swedish 9-year compulsory school. During these lessons the students work with a subject area
called “Properties of materials”. The results show that the teacher makes a number of different moves with regard to how to
proceed and come to a conclusion about what the substances are. Many of these moves are special in that they indicate that
the students need to be able to handle the procedural level of school science. These moves do not deal directly with the knowledge
production process, but with methodological aspects. The function of the moves turns the students’ attention from one source
of knowledge to another. The moves are aimed at helping the students to help themselves, since it is through their own activity
and their own thinking that learning takes place. This is characteristic in the teacher’s manner of teaching. When compared
in a context of educational philosophy, this manner of teaching has similarities with progressentialism; a mixture of essentialism
and progressivism. This educational philosophy is a central aspect of what is called the academic tradition—a selective tradition
common in science education in Sweden between 1960 and 1990. 相似文献