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1.
Generic noun phrases (e.g., "Bats live in caves") are important for expressing knowledge about abstract kinds. Past work has found that parents frequently use generic noun phrases in their speech to young children. However, little is known regarding how children understand these expressions, nor which cues signal generic meaning. The present set of 5 studies examined the influence of linguistic form class (e.g., "What color are dogs?" [generic] versus "What color are the dogs?" [nongeneric]) and of pragmatic context (e.g., "What color are they?" in the presence of either a single exemplar [generic] or multiple exemplars [nongeneric]). Participants were 2-year-olds (N = 42), 3-year-olds (N = 40), 4-year-olds (N = 40), and adults (N = 51). The data indicate that by 2 years of age, children use linguistic form class, and by 3 years of age, children use pragmatic context. These findings demonstrate that young children have begun to understand the distinction between generic and nongeneric noun phrases from a very young age, and that identification of generics is signaled not by formal or pragmatic cues alone, but by a combination of information from both language form and pragmatic context. It is suggested that children make use of multiple linguistic and conceptual cues to acquire and interpret generics. 相似文献
2.
K. S. S. Saibaba P. V. L. N. Srinivasa Rao K. V. Dakshina Murty M. Vijaya Bhaskar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1997,12(2):139-141
Selecting the correct method for routine analysis by ‘method evaluation’ is an important component of quality assurance. It
is a step-wise procedure that evaluates various analytical parameters like accuracy, precision etc of the given method. Finally
reference intervals are established for selected population. We evaluated an enzymatic method for serum creatinine. The results
show that it is an acceptable method based on the above mentioned criteria. 相似文献
3.
Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy Elizabeth Zachariah P. G. Ramaswamy N. Anantha 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1994,9(1):37-39
Circulating levels of gonadotropins (FSH,LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay
in the sera of 60 patients with histopathologically proven breast cancer. 30 patients belonged to the post and 30 to the premenopausal
group. 30 healthy women, 15 each in the pre and post menopausal groups served as controls for the study.
Prolactin was elevated in 33% and 26% of pre and post menopausal breast cancer patients respectively. Lower levels of estradiol
and progesterone were observed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Among
postmenopausal patients with breast cancer, LH was elevated in 32%, FSH in 15% and estradiol in 30% of the patients studied. 相似文献
4.
Lakshmi Lavanya Reddy Swarup A. V. Shah Alpa J. Dherai Chandrashekhar K. Ponde Tester F. Ashavaid 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(1):87-92
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term for a range of clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia. It results in functional and structural changes and ultimately releasing protein from injured cardiomyocytes. These cardiac markers play a major role in diagnosis and prognosis of ACS. This study aims to assess the efficacy of heart type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP) as a marker for ACS along with the routinely used hs-TropT. In our observational study, plasma h-FABP (cut-off 6.32 ng/ml) and routinely done hs-Trop T (cutoff 0.1 and 0.014 ng/ml) were estimated by immunometric laboratory assays in 88 patients with acute chest pain. Based on the clinical and laboratory test findings the patients were grouped into ACS (n = 41) and non-ACS (n = 47). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and ROC curve at 95 % CI were determined. Sensitivity of hs-TropT (0.1 ng/ml), hs-TropT (0.014 ng/ml) and h-FABP were 53, 86 and 78 % respectively and specificity for the same were 98, 73 and 70 % respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and NPV calculated for a cut-off combination of hs-TropT 0.014 ng/ml and h-FABP was 100, 51 and 100 % respectively. These results were substantiated by ROC analysis. Measurement of plasma h-FABP and hs-TropT together on admission appears to be more precise predictor of ACS rather than either hs-Trop T or h-FABP. 相似文献
5.
N. Unni C. Sumithra R. Lakshman Lakshmi N. Leela Menon K. N. Subhakumari V. S. Sheejamol 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(2):161-166
PCOS is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder with diverse clinical presentation. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Serumhigh sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of chronic low grade inflammation, is indicative of future development of cardiovascular disease. Our aim is to evaluate the oxidant status and hsCRP levels in PCOS. The study involved 61 cases and 61 controls in the age group of 18–40 years diagnosed with PCOS. Erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum hsCRP, gonadotrophins, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, glycemic status and lipid profile were estimated. Erythrocyte MDA (p < 0.001), SOD (p = 0.007) and serum hsCRP (p < 0.001) were significantly elevated in PCOS patients than controls. Oxidative stress is present in women with PCOS along with elevated hsCRP. 相似文献
6.
Vijaya M. Dharan 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2015,43(1):61-74
This article draws from a qualitative study of seven beginning teachers’ perceptions of diversity over a period of 6–18 months. The study found that while initial teacher training had broadened their understanding of diversity and its implication for teaching, it was established pedagogical practices in their schools that influenced the novices’ ongoing understanding of responsiveness to learner diversity. For these novices, the influence of the structures and systems of their school contexts began to restrict their pedagogical stance. Based on the reported findings and wider research data, the article argues the need for ongoing critical professional support for beginning teachers who can deepen their understanding of learner diversity and its pedagogical implications. It underscores the importance of a genuine partnership between schools and teacher education providers to enable the continuation of critical professional support for novices, particularly in contexts where there are no mandatory links between preservice programmes and beginning teaching like New Zealand, where this study was undertaken. The author contends that it is unrealistic otherwise to expect beginning teachers not only to challenge entrenched practices but also to sustain the efforts of initial teacher education programmes in preparing them to be responsive to diverse learners. 相似文献
7.
Journal of Science Education and Technology - In this paper, the effectiveness of training faculty in laboratory teaching (the teaching of science in a laboratory setting using experiments and... 相似文献
8.
Kavita Shalia Sudha Savant Vijaya A. Haldankar Tulip Nandu Poonam Pawar Siddhi Divekar V. K. Shah Purvi Bhatt 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(1):74-82
To analyse the association of high sensitivity C-reactive (hsCRP) protein levels and −717A/G single nucleotide polymorphism
of CRP with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Indian population. Study population included 100 MI cases wherein 32
patients had experienced previous MI (MI-Group-1), 68 MI cases were recruited at presentation (MI-Group-2) and equal number
of age and gender matched healthy individuals. hsCRP levels were determined by ELISA and genotyping of −717A/G was carried
out by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction digestion method. The −717A/G genotypes did not influence hsCRP level and
their distribution did not differ between groups. However, in the present study hsCRP demonstrated significant correlation
with BMI in controls of both the genders and with triglycerides in females of AMI at presentation who otherwise are with low
risk profile. Identifying traditional risk factors associated with inflammation may help in controlling the acute event. 相似文献
9.
Liu Ai-jun Furusato Bungo Ravindranath Lakshmi Chen Yong-mei Srikantan Vasanta Mcleod David G. Petrovics Gyorgy Srivastava Shiv 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(12):853-859
Objective To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward
more accurate prognosis/diagnosis.
Methods A set of laser captured microdissected (LCM) specimens from 300 prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy
(RP) were defined. Ten patients representing “aggressive” PCa, and 10 representing “non-aggressive” PCa were selected based
on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched
patient age and race between the two groups. Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from
frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens. The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR, AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan), and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features.
Results The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas
GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas (P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The lower expression of NPY showed association with “aggressive” PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis (P=0.0037, univariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis).
Conclusion Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations of AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define
PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.
Project supported by the Center for Prostate Disease Research, and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of
Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA 相似文献
10.
Putative Role of Cardio Metabolic Risk Among Poorly Controlled Asthmatics in South Indian Population
Murugaiyan Sathish Babu K. P. Sreesoorya Surendra K. Menon Subiman Saha A. R. Srinivasan S. Arul Vijaya Vani R. Reeta V. Kuzhandai Velu 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):225-229
Mortality and morbidity attributed to asthma remains to be the biggest nightmare worldwide. Hence, the study was aimed to compare the cardio metabolic risk factors as assessed by Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), serum triacylglycerol and uric acid in well controlled and poorly controlled asthmatics and to correlate these parameters with the severity of asthma. A case control study was conducted on 90 subjects who were segregated into well controlled asthmatics (n = 30) and poorly controlled asthmatics (n = 30) who were diagnosed based on Global initiative for Asthma management guidelines and healthy volunteers (n = 30). Centrifuged fasting venous blood samples were used for biochemical analysis, pulmonary function test, BMI, and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 17. There was a significant increase in BMI, WHR, lipid profile, serum uric acid and decrease in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC in poorly controlled asthmatics. There was a significant association between FEV1 and serum uric acid, BMI and Triacylgycerol in poorly controlled asthmatics. Poorly controlled asthmatics have greater risk of developing cardiometabolic problems. Serum uric acid can be used as one of the severity markers in asthma to assess cardio metabolic risk. 相似文献