The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts     

Ju‐Joan Wong  Po‐Yu Chen  Chun‐Di Chen 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2016,35(1):140-153

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.  相似文献   

经济新常态下我国体育用品制造企业主要财务指标比较及对策研究     

陈颇 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(9):34-41

采用文献资料、比较分析、数理统计等研究方法，围绕企业盈利能力、成长能力、运营能力和偿债能力4个方面，对2012~2015年我国不同登记注册类型的体育用品制造企业的主要财务指标进行比较分析。结果显示：（1）体育用品制造企业的整体盈利水平实现正向增长，盈利能力强弱顺序为集体企业、私营企业、股份制企业、外商和港澳台投资企业、股份合作制企业及国有企业；（2）体育用品制造企业增长速度较快，成长能力强弱顺序为国有企业、集体企业、私营企业、股份制企业、外商和港澳台投资企业、股份合作制企业；（3）运营能力强弱顺序为集体企业、股份合作制企业、私营企业、国有企业、外商和港澳台投资企业、股份制企业；（4）企业偿债能力强弱顺序为集体企业、股份合作制企业、国有企业、外商和港澳台投资企业、股份制企业和私营企业；（5）总体而言，近4年来集体所有制体育用品制造企业的各方面能力均较强，但其余5类企业在各方面能力上的强弱差异性过大，两极分化问题非常突出。据此，以新常态下中国经济发展的基本特征为切入点，从企业组织形式转型、创新创业、品牌建设、政策扶持、人才培养、融资约束、贸易环境等8个方面，提出了我国体育用品制造企业发展的对策和建议。  相似文献   

Strategy use,listening problems,and motivation of high- and low-proficiency Chinese listeners     

Kit-Ling Lau 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(5):503-514

Building on previous listening strategy research, the author aimed to explore the differences between Chinese high-proficiency listeners (HLs) and low-proficiency listeners (LLs) on their strategy use, problems, and motivation in native language (L1) listening. It involved 1,290 Grade 7 and 1,515 Grade 9 students. Both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a listening comprehension test, questionnaires, and interviews, were adopted. The findings indicated that HLs possessed more types of strategies and used strategies more frequently and effectively than LLs. HLs not only reported fewer listening problems but also had a better awareness of listening problems and use of problem-solving strategies than LLs. Both HLs and LLs agreed with the importance of listening but showed little interest in doing listening tasks. The similarities and differences between the findings of this study and those of second-language listening research and implications for planning effective instruction to enhance native language listening proficiency are discussed.  相似文献   

Research on Educational Media: Half a Century of Doing Things Right Rather Than the Right Thing     

Lau Kam Cheong 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1989,10(1):10-18

This paper critically examines research on the influence of educational media on learning. It argues that much of the supposed benefits of media such as greater concreteness, improved learning performance, more efficient learning and increased retention, among others, are not supported by the evidence thus far. Comparative research on different forms of media, and on media attributes have likewise proved inconclusive. The paper goes on to explore reasons for these findings and urges that future studies should focus on studies with media rather than on media.  相似文献   

Towards Research-based Innovation and Reform: Singapore schooling in transition     

Allan Luke  Peter Freebody  Lau Shun  S. Gopinathan 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2005,25(1):5-28

The challenges facing the Singapore education system in the new millennium are unique and unprecedented in Asia. Demands for new skills, knowledges, and flexible competencies for globalised economies and cosmopolitan cultures will require system-wide innovation and reform. But there is a dearth of international benchmarks and prototypes for such reforms. This paper describes the current Core Research Program underway at the National Institute of Education in Singapore, a multilevel analysis of Singaporean schooling, pedagogy, youth and educational outcomes. It describes student background, performance, classroom practices, student artefacts and outcomes, and student longitudinal life pathways. The case is made that a systematic focus on teachers' and students' work in everyday classroom contexts is the necessary starting point for pedagogical innovation and change. This, it is argued, can constitute a rich multidisciplinary evidence base for educational policy.  相似文献   

Experiential learning in doctoral training programmes: fostering personal epistemology through collaboration     

Cho Kwong Charlie Lam  Cuong Huu Hoang  Ricky Wai Kiu Lau  Basil Cahusac de Caux  Yang Chen  Qiao Qian Tan 《Studies in Continuing Education》2019,41(1):111-128

There has been increasing recognition for the need to reform doctoral training practices to foster students’ personal epistemology. This study describes the design and evaluation of a learning experience designed to help students understand the scholarly publication process. Firstly, this study discusses the design of the learning experience, describing the collaborative process of writing an interdisciplinary publication using both online and face-to-face learning. Secondly, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the learning experience by examining students’ reflections. We show that participation in the learning experience helped students to develop their academic writing proficiency, collaboration and teamwork, intercultural competence, and ability to engage in reflective practice. Importantly, we show that each student also created more individualised knowledge, gaining insight into how they and others think. This study, therefore, demonstrates that personal epistemology can be fostered through collaboration in a doctoral writing group context.  相似文献   

The nature and correlates of underachievement among elementary schoolchildren in Hong Kong   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

McCall RB  Beach SR  Lau S 《Child development》2000,71(3):785-801

This study investigated for the first time several characteristics of underachievement in a large sample of Hong Kong elementary schoolchildren. More males were identified as underachievers than females, but the ratio was substantially less than the two-to-one rate typically found in the American literature. The stability and persistence of underachievement increased during the elementary school years, and the stability of underachievement tended to be higher in subject matter that was relatively more difficult, which varied with gender. Underachievement became more specific to particular academic subjects rather than more general across the elementary grades. Parents and teachers, but not the children themselves, perceived that underachievers were more capable than same-grade nonunderachievers (who score lower on ability tests), although this awareness is more likely directed at male than female underachievers, which has been observed in other samples. In grades 1-4, teachers provided extra mentoring, communications, and support to underachievers. Thereafter, underachievers became more disruptive, impatient, and aggressive in school and perhaps at home. At that point, teachers became less supportive, offered less extra mentoring, and applied greater behavioral control over underachievers. Underachieving children also perceived that their parents became less supportive and used more discipline in grades 5-6 relative to grades 3-4. These correlates of underachievement suggests the existence of a syndrome of underachievement that separates underachievers from children who have the same grades but lower mental ability.  相似文献   

Component skills of text comprehension in less competent Chinese comprehenders   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leong CK  Hau KT  Tse SK  Loh KY 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(1):75-97

The present study examined the role of verbal working memory (memory span and tongue-twister), two-character Chinese pseudoword reading (two tasks), rapid automatized naming (RAN) (letters and numbers), and phonological segmentation (deletion of rimes and onsets) in inferential text comprehension in Chinese in 31 less competent comprehenders compared with 37 reading comprehension control students and 23 chronological age controls. It was hypothesized that the target students would perform poorly on these cognitive and linguistic tasks as compared with their controls. Furthermore, verbal working memory and pseudoword reading would explain a considerable amount of individual variation in Chinese text comprehension. RAN would have a nonsignificant role in text comprehension. Structural equation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally upheld these hypotheses. Our findings support current literature of the role of verbal working memory in reading comprehension found in English. The results, however, suggest differential role of the constructs and the tasks in reading comprehension and provide some answers for comprehension impairment in Chinese students.  相似文献   

中职学生资助需求和资助影响因素分析     

杨钋 《教育发展研究》2011,(19)

本文通过对我国甘肃、湖南和江苏三省9所中等职业学校586名在校生的分析,表明不同学生群体的资助需求不同;政府提供的资助低于学生的资助需求;正确的资助信息和申请行为在不同学生群体间的分布不均等;申请对资助的获得具有决定性的作用;农村学生获各类型资助的可能性高于其他学生,而家庭贫困程度对资助的获得无显著影响。此外,弱势群体学生获得了更多的学生资助。  相似文献   

Hong Kong senior secondary students’ reading motivation and classical Chinese reading comprehension     

Lau  Kit-Ling 《Reading and writing》2019,32(4):963-982

Reading and Writing - This study investigated Hong Kong secondary students’ Classical Chinese (CC) reading comprehension, reading motivation, and the effects of different types of motivation...  相似文献