Does immigration background matter? How teachers’ predictions of students’ performance relate to student background     

Axinja Hachfeld  Yvonne Anders  Sascha Schroeder  Petra Stanat  Mareike Kunter 《International Journal of Educational Research》2010,49(2-3):78-91

Accurate teacher evaluations of student performance are crucial for effective teaching. This study examined whether students’ immigration and language background affect teachers’ evaluations. Multilevel analyses tested whether teachers overestimate the performance of immigrant relative to that of non-immigrant students. As part of the German PISA 2003 assessment, 305 teachers predicted the performance of seven of their students on two mathematics problems of different linguistic complexity. Results revealed an interaction effect of students’ language background and linguistic complexity of the problem on teachers’ predictions. Teachers overestimated the performance of bilingual students more than the performance of monolingual immigrant or non-immigrant students on a linguistically complex problem. Teachers need to consider both students’ language background and linguistic demands of the material used to appropriately support bilingual students.  相似文献   

Specific predictors of length and frequency effects in German beginning readers: testing component processes of sublexical and lexical reading in the DRC     

Hasenäcker  Jana  Schroeder  Sascha 《Reading and writing》2022,35(7):1627-1650

Reading and Writing - Reading a word requires several component processes. The dual route cascaded (DRC) model provides a characterization of these component processes and their involvement in...  相似文献   

Characteristics of the home context for the nurturing of gifted children in Saudi Arabia     

Sascha Hein  Mei Tan  Abdullah Aljughaiman 《High Ability Studies》2014,25(1):23-33

This study investigates factors in the home environment and their influence on children’s analytical, creative, and practical skills. A sample of 294 gifted children (195 male) was recruited from grades 4–7 in Saudi Arabia, where the family context is highly influenced by the principles of Islam. Results did not confirm the effect of birth order, but showed that (1) mother’s education was an important factor for gifted children’s creativity; (2) the number of boys in the family was negatively associated with gifted boys’ creativity (r?=??.21); and (3) Quran-related learning experiences were positively related to gifted girls’ analytical (r?=?.46) and creative (r?=?.42) skills. Implications for understanding non-Western environments for gifted children are discussed.  相似文献   

How do foreign firms patent in emerging economies with weak appropriability regimes? Archetypes and motives     

Marcus Matthias Keupp  Sascha FriesikeMaximilian von Zedtwitz 《Research Policy》2012,41(8):1422-1439

Foreign firms patent in emerging economies with weak appropriability regimes at an increasing rate. This phenomenon constitutes a paradox since in such a setting foreign firms should have weak incentives to patent. In an attempt to resolve this paradox, we conducted an inductive analysis of 11 foreign firms that patent in such a setting, using the case of China as our empirical context. We identify four archetypes of foreign firms and three key antecedents the interaction of which determines which archetype a firm can be subsumed under.Our study complements the developed-economy focus of the extant appropriation literature by adding an international perspective. We extend previous econometric studies by identifying salient factors on the firm level that determine the extent to which a foreign firm patents in emerging economies with a weak appropriability regime, highlighting that the extent of a firm's motivation to maintain its freedom to operate can supersede imitability concerns. We also comment on the practical implications of these contributions for managers of foreign firms. Highlighting a structural conflict of interest between foreign firms from developed economies and the development goals of an emerging economy, we point to the generalizability of our results to a wide range of other emerging economies worldwide.  相似文献   

The Role of Agricultural Consultants in New Zealand in Environmental Extension     

Neels Botha  Jeff Coutts  Hein Roth 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):125-138

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the role that agricultural consultants in New Zealand were undertaking in the Research, Development and Extension (RD&E) system—and in particular in relation to environmental extension. New Zealand does not have a public extension service and hence there is a strong reliance on consultants and regional councils for environmental management information and advice. As they are independent of the formal RD&E system there is no guarantee that RD&E outcomes are reaching farmers, nor that effective environmental extension is occurring. The study used a combination of case studies, phone interviews with informed persons and a national web survey to explore the role of the consultant. The study found that agricultural consultants are playing an important role in working with farmers to improve agricultural production. There are, however, indications that gaps have developed over time between agricultural consultants and the agricultural research sector which limit the effectiveness of the RD&E system. Agricultural consultants are playing a minimal role in proactive environmental extension because insufficient market forces are driving this role. The paper suggests that a national database of agricultural consultants could improve the flow of tailored information between research and agricultural consultants and also suggests mechanisms where consultants could be better integrated into the RD&E system and provide feedback to research programs. Market failure in the area of environmental extension could be addressed by publicly funded incentive programs.  相似文献   

Parent Resource Centers: An Innovative Mechanism for Parental Involvement in School Choice Decisions     

Hesborn Wao  Vanessa L. Hein  Roger Villamar  Susan Chanderbhan-Forde  Reginald S. Lee 《Journal of School Choice》2017,11(3):334-356

This qualitative investigation reports on the use of Parent Resource Centers (PRCs) as a mechanism for parental involvement in public school choice decisions. Interviews with parents and staff at seven PRCs in Florida revealed that PRCs employ multiple strategies to communicate choice information to parents: community-, school- and media-based outreach; outreach to hard-to-reach parents; and collaboration with other agencies. Personalized assistance and provision of choice materials are also highlighted as useful strategies. Results indicate that there is low level of awareness about school choice options among parents and thus clear and consistent communication of choice information is needed. While PRCs hold promise for increasing parental engagement in school choice, structural and systemic barriers to exercising choice decisions such as transportation and collaboration between schools and PRCs should be addressed. Methodologically, this study illustrates the power of triangulating data from parents and PRCs to illuminate our understanding of how parents make choice decisions.  相似文献   

Effects of preschoolers’ storybook exposure and literacy environments on lower level and higher level language skills     

Grolig  Lorenz  Cohrdes  Caroline  Tiffin-Richards  Simon P.  Schroeder  Sascha 《Reading and writing》2019,32(4):1061-1084

Reading and Writing - The development of preschoolers’ language skills is influenced by literacy environments and individual differences in storybook exposure. Extant research is limited as...  相似文献   

Towards a theory of instruction in the 1980s     

Jenny L. Covill-Servo  Ron Hein 《Instructional Science》1983,12(4):301-319

The purpose of this article is to provide a historical perspective on the contributions of learning and instruction to instructional theory and to discuss some of the major obstacles currently inhibiting the growth of “Instructional Theory.” Some suggestions for future development of this discipline are provided. In clarifying the impediments to instructional theories' development, heavy reliance is placed upon the process of theory construction as perceived by philosophers of the natural and social sciences. Some comments are made regarding the appropriate use of instructional theory in developing nations.  相似文献   

Using the Teaching and Guidance Policy Essentials Checklist to Build and Support Effective Early Childhood Systems     

Sarah M. Garrity  Sascha L. Longstreth  Nina S. Salcedo-Potter  April Staub 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2016,44(3):209-216

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Searching for a common ground – A literature review of empirical research on scientific inquiry activities     

Silke Rönnebeck  Sascha Bernholt  Mathias Ropohl 《Studies in Science Education》2016,52(2):161-197

Despite the importance of scientific inquiry in science education, researchers and educators disagree considerably regarding what features define this instructional approach. While a large body of literature addresses theoretical considerations, numerous empirical studies investigate scientific inquiry on quite different levels of detail and also on different theoretical grounds. Here, only little systematic research has analysed the different conceptualisations and usages of the overarching construct of scientific inquiry in detail. To close this gap, a review of the research literature on scientific inquiry was conducted based on a widespread approach to defining scientific inquiry as activities that students engage in. The main goal is to provide a systematic overview about the range and spectrum of definitions and operationalisations used with regard to single activities of the inquiry process in empirical studies. The findings from the review first and foremost illustrate the variability in the ways these activities have been operationalised and implemented. For each activity, studies differ significantly not only with respect to the focus, explicitness and comprehensiveness of their operationalisations but also with regard to the consistency of their implementation in the form of instructional or interventional components in the study and/or in the focus of the assessment of student performance. This has significant implications regarding the validity and comparability of results obtained in different studies, e.g. in the context of discussions concerning the effectiveness of inquiry-based instruction. In addition, the interrelation between scientific inquiry, scientific knowledge and the nature of science seems to be underexplored. The conclusions make the case for further theoretical work as well as empirical research.  相似文献