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○ 引言关于《金瓶梅词话》的作者问题,学者们有两种意见。一是某个文人独立创作;二是几个文人集体创作。最早谈及《金瓶梅词话》作者的,是为《金瓶梅词话》作序的欣欣子(生平不详)。他在序中说:“窃谓兰陵笑笑生作《金瓶梅传》,寄意于时俗,盖有所谓也……吾友笑笑生为此爰罄平日所蕴者,着斯传,凡一百回。其中语句新奇,脍炙人口。”笑笑生是一个化名。为了寻找这位笑笑生的真实身份,不少研究者进行了多方探索,结果分别找到了数十位大大小小的人物来担任《金瓶梅词话》的创作者。这是从文人独立创作的角度出发考察后得出的结论。这些结论还… 相似文献
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Stefano Ceccon Elena Ceseracciu Zimi Sawacha Giorgio Gatta Matteo Cortesi Claudio Cobelli 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):276-287
Abstract Kinematic analysis of swimming is of interest to improve swimming performances. Although the video recordings of underwater swimmers are commonly used, the available methodologies are rarely precise enough to adequately estimate the three dimensional (3D) joint kinematics. This is mainly due to difficulties in obtaining the required kinematic parameters (anatomical landmarks, joint centres and reference frames) in the swimming environment. In this paper we propose a procedure to investigate the right upper limb’s 3D kinematics during front crawl swimming in terms of all elbow and shoulder degrees of freedom (three rotations of the shoulder, two of the elbow). The method is based upon the Calibrated Anatomical Systems Technique (CAST), a technique widely used in clinics, which allows estimation of anatomical landmarks of interest even when they are not directly visible. An automatic tracking technique was adopted. The intra-operator repeatability of the manual tracking was also assessed. The root mean squared difference of three anatomical landmarks, processed five times, is always lower than 8 mm. The mean of the root mean squared difference between trajectories obtained with the different methodologies was found to be lower than 20 mm. Results showed that complete 3D kinematics of at least twice as many frames than without CAST can be reconstructed faster and more precisely. 相似文献
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