The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education     

Luis García-González  Javier Sevil-Serrano  Angel Abós  Nathalie Aelterman  Leen Haerens 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2019,24(4):344-358

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.  相似文献   

A Physical Model of Zeno's Dichotomy     

Angel  Leonard 《The British journal for the philosophy of science》2001,52(2):347-358

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I Must Not Think Bad Thoughts: Drive‐By Essays on American Dread,American Dreams Mark Dery. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012.     

Angel Pulliam 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2014,37(2):232-233

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Delinking rhetorics of neoliberalism: An analysis of South American leftist presidents’ speeches     

Adriana Angel  Luis Miguel López-Londoño 《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2019,12(1):43-62

We analyze the so-called Socialism of the twenty-first century in which nine South American governments turned to the left over the last 15 years. This South American socialist turn is seen as a delinking from the logics of dependency and pure neoliberalism. To explore the rhetorics that underlie this delinking process, we conducted both a macroanalysis and an intradiscursive rhetorical analysis of the inauguration and most significant speeches of all of the leftist South American presidents elected after 1999. We claim that a common critique of neoliberalism underlies the South American presidents’ speeches, which manifests through specific rhetorics concerning participatory democracy, social inclusion, and environmental protection. When they became transnational, these delinking rhetorics crafted a decolonial critique that calls for more indigenous models of development.  相似文献   

Timescales for exploratory tactical behaviour in football small-sided games     

Angel Ric  Robert Hristovski  Bruno Gonçalves  Lorena Torres  Jaime Sampaio  Carlota Torrents 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1723-1730

The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games.  相似文献   

Reasons for suboptimal learning in medical microbiology     

Magdalena C. Struwig  Adriana A. Beylefeld  Georgina Joubert 《Teaching in Higher Education》2016,21(5):590-609

Medical microbiology presents a challenge to undergraduate students, mostly due to its extensive content and complexity of unfamiliar terminology. In addition to a narrative review of the literature, we report findings on students’ motivation for and approach to learning in the Infections module of an undergraduate medical curriculum, and their perceived lack of retention of knowledge acquired in the module, as determined by a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. When students experienced information overload, they reverted to performance goals and the wrong motivation for learning. Their focus turned primarily to being successful in tests and examinations, and they consequently adopted a surface approach to learning. Surface learning and memorisation of facts without understanding its content usually result in moderate retention of knowledge, which could handicap the development of clinical reasoning. However, the concern about students’ perceived poor retention of knowledge can be laid to rest – the prognosis is not discouraging after all.  相似文献   

Effects of vanadate supplementation on high fat-diet and diabetes-induced metabolic changes in liver     

Subbiah Pugazhenthi  Joseph F. Angel  Ramji L. Khandelwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1996,11(2):108-114

Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed the control high starch-diet or a high fatdiet supplemented with or without sodium orthovanadate (1.5 mg/g diet) for six weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol levels and the activities of hepatic glycogen synthase, phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and ATP-citrate lyase were measured in these eight groups of rats. The high fat-diet increased the levels of insulin (P<0.05) and triacylglycerol (P<0.01) in plasma and decreased the activities (P<0.001) of phosphorylase (active from and total) and the lipogenic enzymes. Vanadate supplementation led to significant (P<0.001) decreases in the elevated insulin and triacylglycerol levels whereas the enzyme activities remained unaffected. Diabetes and fat diet in combination caused 3.7-fold increases in plasma glucose and triacylglycerol levels and vanadate decreased them by 58% and 74% respectively. Vanadate improved the activities of hepatic glycogen metabolizing and lipogenic enzymes in diabetic rats when they were fed on control starch-diet but not with high fat-diet. This study shows that vanadate normalizes hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia but not the defective hepatic glycogen metabolism in high fat-fed rats.  相似文献   

Discrimination and Ethnic–Racial Identity: Understanding Direction of Effects Using Within- and Between-Person Analyses     

Katharine H. Zeiders  Sara D. Bayless  Chelsea L. Derlan  Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor  Kimberly A. Updegraff  Laudan B. Jahromi 《Child development》2019,90(3):e373-e385

Ethnic–racial identity (ERI) development and ethnic–racial discrimination are two salient experiences among adolescents in the United States. Despite growing awareness of the costs and benefits of these experiences individually, we know little about how they may influence one another. The current study examined competing hypotheses relating discrimination and components of ERI (i.e., exploration, resolution, affirmation) among a sample of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (N = 181; M_age at Wave 1 = 16.83, SD = 1.01) across six waves of data. Findings revealed that within-person changes in discrimination predicted subsequent ERI resolution and affirmation; however, ERI did not predict subsequent discrimination. Between-person effects of discrimination on affirmation were significant. Our findings underscore the importance of discrimination experiences in shaping Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ normative developmental competencies.  相似文献   

An Entity Theory of Intelligence Predicts Higher Cortisol Levels When High School Grades Are Declining     

Hae Yeon Lee  Jeremy P. Jamieson  Adriana S. Miu  Robert A. Josephs  David S. Yeager 《Child development》2019,90(6):e849-e867

Grades often decline during the high school transition, creating stress. The present research integrates the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat with the implicit theories model to understand who shows maladaptive stress responses. A diary study measured declines in grades in the first few months of high school: salivary cortisol (N = 360 students, N = 3,045 observations) and daily stress appraisals (N = 499 students, N = 3,854 observations). Students who reported an entity theory of intelligence (i.e., the belief that intelligence is fixed) showed higher cortisol when grades were declining. Moreover, daily academic stressors showed a different lingering effect on the next day's cortisol for those with different implicit theories. Findings support a process model through which beliefs affect biological stress responses during difficult adolescent transitions.  相似文献   

Reduction of water evaporation in polymerase chain reaction microfluidic devices based on oscillating-flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alessandro Polini  Elisa Mele  Anna Giovanna Sciancalepore  Salvatore Girardo  Adriana Biasco  Andrea Camposeo  Roberto Cingolani  David A. Weitz    Dario Pisignano 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(3)

Producing polymeric or hybrid microfluidic devices operating at high temperatures with reduced or no water evaporation is a challenge for many on-chip applications including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We study sample evaporation in polymeric and hybrid devices, realized by glass microchannels for avoiding water diffusion toward the elastomer used for chip fabrication. The method dramatically reduces water evaporation in PCR devices that are found to exhibit optimal stability and effective operation under oscillating-flow. This approach maintains the flexibility, ease of fabrication, and low cost of disposable chips, and can be extended to other high-temperature microfluidic biochemical reactors.  相似文献