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1.
Sulaiman M. Al-Balushi 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):460-489
The current study compared different learners’ static and dynamic mental images of unseen scientific species and processes in relation to their spatial ability. Learners were classified into verbal, visual and schematic. Dynamic images were classified into: appearing/disappearing, linear-movement, and rotation. Two types of scientific entities and their related processes were investigated: astronomical and microscopic. The sample included 79 female students from Grades 9 and 10. For the purpose of the study, three instruments were used. The Mental Images by Guided Imagery instrument was designed to investigate participants' visualization of static and dynamic mental images. The Water-Level Task was adopted to estimate participants' spatial ability. The Learning Styles Inventory was used to classify participants into verbal, visual and schematic learners. The research findings suggest that schematic learners outperformed verbal and visual learners in their spatial ability. They also outperformed them in their vividness of microscopic images; both micro-static and micro-dynamic images; especially in the case of appearing/disappearing images. The differences were not significant in the case of astronomical images. The results also indicate that appearing/disappearing images received the least vividness scores for all three types of learners. 相似文献
2.
Sulaiman M. Al-Balushi 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(3):571-601
The purpose of the current study was to explore learners’ evaluation of the credibility of scientific models that represent
natural entities and phenomena. Participants were 845 students in grades 9 – 11 (aged 15 – 17 years) and 108 prospective science
teachers in Oman, totaling 953 students. A survey called Epistemologies about the Credibility of Scientific Models was designed
to explore participants’ epistemological positions regarding the credibility of scientific models. This instrument was based
on a credibility taxonomy proposed by the author. This taxonomy was composed of four epistemological levels: certainty, imaginary,
suspicious, and denial; thus, it was called the CISD taxonomy. Findings revealed that natural entities and phenomena were
assigned to CISD levels according to their level of abstractness. This level of abstractness is usually constructed by the
most frequently used models to represent each natural entity or phenomenon. For instance, entities, which were usually represented
by photographs or micrographs, such as meteors and meteorites, blood cells and bacteria, fell at the certainty level. On the
other hand, theoretical entities such as electron cloud and photons had a high suspicious–denial combinational level. Some
entities, with possible competing concrete–abstract parallel nature of the scientific models that represent them, had both
high certainty and suspicious–denial levels. The overall students’ epistemological perceptions across grade levels showed
a decrease in the certainty level and an increase in the imaginary level. It might also be plausible to conclude that new,
detailed microscopic and more abstract knowledge raised the suspicious and denial levels of some entities. Further research
based on qualitative research methodologies is needed to explore these findings. 相似文献
3.
Akinboro A Mohamed KB Asmawi MZ Sulaiman SF Sofiman OA 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(11):915-922
In this study, freeze-dried water extract from the leaves of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) was tested for mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials using the Allium cepa assay. Freeze-dried water extract alone and its combination with cyclophosphamide (CP) (50 mg/kg) were separately dissolved
in tap water at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg. Onions (A. cepa) were suspended in the solutions and controls for 48 h in the dark. Root tips were prepared for microscopic evaluation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radicals’ scavenging power of the extract was tested using butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene
(BHT) as standards. Water extract of Myristica fragrans scavenged free radicals better than BHA, but worse than BHT. The extract alone, as well as in combination with CP suppressed
cell division, and induced chromosomal aberrations that were insignificantly different from the negative control (P≤0.05). However, cytotoxic and mutagenic actions of CP were considerably suppressed. The observed effects on cell division
and chromosomes of A. cepa may be principally connected to the antioxidant properties of the extract. The obtained results suggest mitodepressive and
antimutagenic potentials of water extract of the leaves of M. fragrans as desirable properties of a promising anticancer agent. 相似文献
4.
Nasser S. Al-Abdali Sulaiman M. Al-Balushi 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(2):251-268
This classroom observation study explored how science teachers (N = 22) teach for creativity in grades 5–10 in Oman. We designed an observation form with 4 main categories that targeted the instructional practices related to teaching for creativity: questioning strategy, teacher’s responses to students’ ideas, classroom activities to support creativity, and whole-lesson methods that foster creativity. An open-ended survey was also designed to explore participants’ justifications for their instructional decisions and practices. The findings indicate that the overall level of teaching for creativity was low and that participants’ performance was the highest for teacher’s responses to students’ ideas category and the lowest for classroom activities to support creativity category. We observed that a teacher-centered approach with instructional practices geared toward preparing students for examinations was dominant and that these science teachers were bound to the textbook, following cookbook-style activities. Participants believed that they did not have enough time to cover the content and teach for creativity and that they were not prepared to teach for creativity. Based on these findings, we recommend that programs be developed to prepare science teachers to teach for creativity. 相似文献
5.
This study assessed the differences in the emotional intelligence of gifted adolescent students and talented adolescent students in Bahrain. The sample consisted of 80 gifted adolescent students and 80 talented adolescent students in Grades 9 through 12. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicates that there were significant differences in emotional intelligence levels, as measured by the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, between gifted students and talented students in Bahrain in the direction of gifted students. There were differences between the gifted and the talented students in intrapersonal, adaptability, general mood subtest, and total emotional intelligence scores. Finally, gifted males had higher total emotional intelligence scores than gifted females; talented females had higher interpersonal scores than talented males. 相似文献
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Sulaiman M. Al-Balushi 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(6):1089-1110
This study explores the mental images at the microscopic level of matter created by 22 preservice science teachers in Oman.
Participants were encouraged during a guided imagery session to construct mental images for a scenario written about the explanation
of the reaction of sodium in water. They were then asked to describe what they envisioned in their own imagination. Participants
had images that were based on textbook illustrations, modeling kits, a solar-system model, physical properties, and humanized
animations. 3D mental images represented 33.36% of participants’ mental images at the microscopic level, while images in 2D
format formed 39.15% of the overall created mental images. Several factors shaped the participants’ mental images, such as
their imaginative ability, attention mode, and the nature of their old images stored in their long-term memory. Most of the
participants experienced image transformation from one form to another as they were progressing in the GI session. This unstable
reliance on different models might indicate unorganized conceptual networks in learners’ LTM: a feature that characterizes
novices’ mental networking. On the contrary, past research has revealed that experts have more organized and sophisticated
conceptual networking. This study argued that participants lacked the homogeneous and reliable mental model of the atom that
is required to carry out advanced cognitive processes for mental exploration of chemical phenomena. The absence of this mental
model might explain the overwhelming finding in literature that many learners fail to explain and predict chemical phenomena. 相似文献
8.
Izatus Shima Taib Siti Balkis Budin Seri Maseran Siti Nor Ain Jamaludin Mohamed Santhana Raj Louis Srijit Das Sulaiman Sallehudin Nor Fadilah Rajab Othman Hidayatulfathi 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(11):813-819
Litsea elliptica Blume leaves have been traditionally used as medicinal herbs because of its antimutagenicity, che-mopreventative and insecticidal properties. In this study, the toxic effects of L. elliptica essential oil against Sprague-Dawley rat's red blood cells (RBCs) were evaluated. L. elliptica essential oil was given by oral gavage 5 times per week for 3 treated groups in the doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/(kg body weight), respectively, and the control group received distilled water. Full blood count, RBC osmotic fragility, RBC morphological changes, and RBC membrane lipid were analyzed 28 d after the treatment. Although L. elliptica essential oil administration had significantly different effects on hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) in the experimental groups as compared to the control group (P<0.05), the values were still within the normal range. L. elliptica induced morphological changes of RBC into the form of echinoeyte. The percentage of echinocyte increased significantly among the treated groups in a dose-response manner (P<0.001). The concentrations of RBC membrane phospholipids and cholesterol of all treated groups were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.001). However, the RBC membrane osmotic fragility and total proteins of RBC membrane findings did not differ significantly between control and treated groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that structural changes in the RBC membrane due to L. elliptica essential oil administration did not cause severe membrane damage. 相似文献
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This paper tests the extent to which social media is shaping civic engagement initiatives to build trust among people and increase trust in their institutions, particularly the government, police and justice systems. A survey of 502 citizens showed that using social media for civic engagement has a significant positive impact on trust propensity and that this trust had led to an increase in trust towards institutions. Interestingly, while group incentives encouraged citizens to engage online for civic matters, it is civic publications through postings on social media that intensify the urge of citizens for civic action to address social issues. Post-hoc analysis via ten interviews with social activists was conducted to further examine their perceptions on trust towards institutions. The overall findings suggest that institutions, in their effort to promote a meaningful and trusting citizen engagement, need to enhance trust among the public by fostering social capital via online civic engagement and closing the public–police disengagement gap. 相似文献