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Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education
Taro Numano Yoshiyuki Nagata Mariko Ichimi Abumiya 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2002,1(1-2):35-50
Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country
as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However,
the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have
been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their
childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior,
juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment.
Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and
the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has
adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow
Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic
guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance.
Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational
Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The onset of motion was used to study stimulus-driven visual attention in 14-week-olds. The movement of an object did not capture attention reflexively at 14 weeks of age. The attention-getting properties of a moving stimulus depended significantly on its color in combination with the colors of other objects in the visual field. Specifically, detection of a green moving target was masked in the presence of mixed red and green static objects. No such masking was observed when the moving target was red or when the green target moved in a visual field that was populated only with green objects. The same effect was observed to a lesser extent when the green bars were replaced with gray bars. The number of distractors in the visual field exerted an effect on the accuracy of detection only when their appearance in the visual field was coincident with the onset of target motion. Attention to motion at this age is not independent of the structure of the visual field; chromatic preferences play a role in how readily infants attend to a moving object. These effects may be mediated by a difficulty in disengaging attention (from distractors) or in suppressing attention to competing objects once attention is engaged on a target. 相似文献
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Academic libraries in Japan are well resourced by international standards, and support Japan’s internationally recognized research capability well, but there are also ways in which they reflect Japan’s strong bureaucratic culture. Recent changes to the status of national university libraries have seen a new interest in customer service, and service quality development. Potential changes in education for librarianship and an organisational focus on staff training and development are likely to enhance service delivery in Japanese academic libraries. 相似文献
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Takuya Sekiguchi Haruki Momma Masahiro Tsuchiya Kaoru Kuroki Kenji Kanazawa 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(16):1801-1807
Youth athletes are known to be at high risk of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Children in developed countries are increasingly adopting a sedentary lifestyle. Although some risk factors related to sports activities have been reported, the effect of lifestyle (i.e. screen time behaviour) on MSK pain in youth athletes is not well known. This study aimed to examine the association of game playing and TV viewing with MSK pain among youth athletes. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to youth athletes belonging to the Miyagi Amateur Sports Association. The final study population included 6,143 youth athletes (male, 71.1%; age range, 6–15 years). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of game playing and TV viewing behaviour with MSK pain. The point prevalence of MSK pain was 25.5%. The longest category of game playing time (≥3 h) was significantly associated with MSK pain as compared with the shortest category (<1 h) (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.73, p = 0.003). There was no significant association between TV viewing time and MSK pain. These results suggest that game playing time might be an associated factor for MSK pain among youth athletes. 相似文献
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Wesley M. Cohen Akira Goto Akiya Nagata Richard R. Nelson John P. Walsh 《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)
National surveys of R&D labs across the manufacturing sectors in the US and Japan show that intraindustry R&D knowledge flows and spillovers are greater in Japan than in the US and the appropriability of rents due to innovation less. Patents in particular are observed to play a more central role in diffusing information across rivals in Japan, and appear to be a key reason for greater intraindustry R&D spillovers there, suggesting that patent policy can importantly affect information flows. Uses of patents differ between the two nations, with strategic uses of patents, particularly for negotiations, being more common in Japan. 相似文献
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