Academic libraries as learning spaces in Japan: Toward the development of learning commons     

Saori Donkai  Atsushi Toshimori  Chieko Mizoue 《International Information and Library Review》2011,(4):215-220

Since the beginning of the 1990s, new types of learning spaces at academic libraries have emerged mainly in North America. They are called “information commons” or “learning commons.” They provide various kinds of services, facilities, and materials in one location to support students’ learning. The idea of learning commons has been introduced to colleges and universities in Japan as well. The purpose of this study is to examine the present condition of learning spaces in university libraries in Japan. A questionnaire was sent to 755 main or central libraries at colleges and universities. The response rate was 69.4%. The results of the survey are as follows: (a) simple collaborative learning spaces with desk/desks and chairs have become modestly widespread, while advanced spaces with equipment for information and communication technology, such as computers or projectors, are not common; (b) many libraries provide computer clusters; and (c) cafés and/or beverage vending machines in libraries are still few in number. The survey also reveals that learning commons in Japan are in the early stage of development. Various types of learning spaces are recognized as learning commons. They range from a group learning room with Wi-Fi access to an entire learning commons, where several kinds of facilities, services, and information resources to support students’ learning in one location are provided. This diversification may be based on the confusion caused by the rapid introduction of learning commons in Japan. Many learning spaces may rebuild their own services in the near future because of their students’ needs.  相似文献   

Active recovery effects by previously inactive muscles on 40-s exhaustive cycling     

Yukio Fujita  Keisuke Koizumi  Saori Sukeno  Motomu Manabe  Jun Nomura 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1145-1151

Abstract

The effects of active recovery using previously active and inactive muscle groups on power output and respiratory responses were examined. Ten male volunteers underwent two exhaustive 40-s bouts of leg cycling (1st Ex and 2nd Ex), separated by a 20-min recovery period. The recovery conditions were leg (Leg-Active) or arm (Arm-Active) cranking at 50% ventilatory threshold (VT), or sedentary control (Passive). The total output work (Total work) during the 2nd Ex in the Leg-Active condition was significantly higher than that in the Passive (299 vs. 282 J · kg body mass^?1 (J · BM^?1)). The values of Total work, peak [Vdot]O₂ and peak heart rate during the 2nd Ex were significantly higher than those during the 1st Ex in both Leg- and Arm-Active. Total CO₂excess after the 1st Ex was significantly higher than that after the 2nd Ex (67.6 vs. 26.0 ml · BM^?1) in Passive. After the 2nd Ex, the Total CO₂excess in the Leg-Active (51.5 ml · BM^?1) was significantly higher than that in both the Passive (26.0) and Arm-Active (36.5), with Arm-Active being significantly higher than Passive. The recovery exercise using previously inactive muscles improved respiratory compensation ability related to performance enhancement.  相似文献