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1970年代后半期,西方七国首脑会议经历了由国际论坛向国际机制的转变,形成了日后西方七国首脑会议的基本框架.这主要是当代国际体系三个结构性变革推动的结果.经济相互依赖的增强导致国际国内政治界限的模糊,美国霸权相对衰落之后带来的"霸权后合作"问题,经济国际化对官僚制的挑战. 相似文献
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"枪手"现象的本质是雇主与"枪手"两大行为主体围绕制度化文化资本展开的利益争夺。雇主与枪手的角色被还原为"被弱化的强势者"与"被利用的牟利者"。雇主与枪手共谋有其外部条件与内在机理。最后,双方依托经济委托关系、权力政治关系、人情伦理关系实现了资源互换。 相似文献
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Thai Thi Minh Carl Erik Schou Larsen Andreas Neef 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):179-194
Abstract Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the introduction of participatory extension approaches (PEA) in the predominantly supply-driven, hierarchical Vietnamese extension system. Drawing on the case of the so-called Farmer Livestock School (FLS) concept, the authors investigate the potential and challenges of scaling up and out the FLS/PEA principles of participatory training methods, encompassing intensive and interactive training sessions, group-based sharing of experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing processes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on data collected and synthesized from 36 pilot communes from 2000 to 2007 and draws on the extensive insider experience of two of its authors during their work for a DANIDA-funded livestock project. Findings: At the micro-scale and with external support, FLS has been a successful experiment of using participatory extension approaches in farmer training and extension in the livestock sector. Yet, possibilities of scaling up and institutionalizing FLS remain a challenge given the capacity and resource limitations and the resistance at various levels within the Vietnamese extension system. Practical Implications: The starting point for successfully institutionalizing participatory extension approaches should be to assess the existing system's root problems and capacities and then gradually and systematically introduce institutional innovations rather than aiming at a complete overhaul of a system that may result in the creation of a parallel universe. Originality/Value: The FLS project provided a unique opportunity to study the enabling and constraining factors of institutionalizing participatory extension approaches in a traditionally top-down oriented extension system beyond the immediate duration of an externally orchestrated project. 相似文献
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情报科学史研究：现状、功能及其建制化初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文讨论了情报科学史研究的主要功能，学科性质与地位以及中外情报科学史研究的概况和存在的问题，提出了加强我国情报科学史研究的建议，同时，探讨了我国情报科学史学科建制化的必要性及其模式。 相似文献
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Jeannette A. Colyvas 《Research Policy》2007,36(4):456-476
The formation of Stanford University's technology transfer program in the life sciences is analyzed from 1968 to 1982. The program evolved from multiple models based on divergent definitions of invention, inventor, rewards, and university-industry boundaries. The eventual program that emerged proved to be widely emulated. The norms of the academy shaped the uses of resources and the conditions of their appropriation. In turn, the currency of industrial science prompted the rethinking of academic norms. The analysis offers insight into the early stages of institutionalization, as the ambiguity of important categories and flexibility of policies were transformed into organizational routines. Today's ‘settled’ outcomes are the product of highly divergent practices. 相似文献
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于ISIS创刊100周年之际,作者1）追忆萨顿为推动科学史制度化发展而付出的努力,并将之置于当时哈佛大学校长科南特——在科学史学史上值得书写的一位重要角色——所发起的、融科学一科学史教育于一体的哈佛教育改革进程中理解;2）从长时段视角反思中国科学史事业的发展历程,探讨科学史事业在当代中国的社会一文化价值;3）直面上个世纪之交以来科学史学科再制度化进程中所面临的问题,标示我们这一代学者需为之努力的方向。 相似文献
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从社会学的视角出发对我国裁判员的越轨执法现象进行剖析并提出对策:在多维度力量的协同下促使裁判员执法走向制度化。首先,重点整治当前裁判员越轨执法的不正之风;发挥民族文化精髓的宣导力量,强化裁判员业务能力、职业道德修养等个人综合素质;健全与完善我国体育竞赛市场法律、法规监督体制;科学与合理规范裁判员的选拔、任用、培训等内部环节。 相似文献
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E-government is increasingly being used to improve transparency in the government sector and to combat corruption. Using institutional theory as an analytical perspective, this study documents and evaluates the development of an anti-corruption system called OPEN (Online Procedures ENhancement for civil application) in the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Incorporating three distinctive (yet interrelated) dimensions of institutionalization (regulatory/coercive, cognitive/mimetic, and normative), and four anti-corruption strategies embedded in the system, this study investigates how an e-government system for anti-corruption in a local government has evolved and become a prototype of a national system to be used for the same purpose. The findings show that in implementing OPEN, a system for anti-corruption, the regulatory dimension was most effective, and (as in many IS implementations) strong leadership was crucial to its success. 相似文献
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This study aims to assess the institutionalization of a major reform in the faculties of education in Turkey in the 1990s. A survey was administered to faculty members in eight faculties of education in the academic year 2005–2006. Factor analysis, t-tests and ANOVAs, and OLS regressions were used. Findings indicate that the most problematic area of re-structuring was “program change” caused by coercive pressures. The study concludes that institutionalization of the re-structuring has not yet been fully achieved, and an alternative re-structuring process is proposed. All three types of pressures were related and they influence one another. Normative pressures were found to be more powerful in this type of re-structuring process. 相似文献